Question 1

Ju/'hoansi or San men fought against guerrillas who opposed apartheid as members of the South African military.

Accepted Answer

The Ju/'hoansi or San men were recruited by the South African military and fought against guerrillas who opposed apartheid during the South African Border War in the 1970s and 1980s.

Question 2

Globalization refers to the rise of industrial states and the social, economic, political, and cultural consequences this industrialism has had on nonindustrial societies, among other things.

Accepted Answer

Globalization is indeed about the impact and consequences of industrialism, particularly by industrialized and capitalist states, on nonindustrial societies. This has effects on various aspects of people's lives, including their economy, society, politics, and culture.

Question 3

One of the preconditions for modernization is the acceptance of the belief that progress is both necessary and beneficial to society and the individual.

Accepted Answer

The belief in progress is a key aspect of modernization theory, which argues that societies must adapt to modern industrial and technological developments in order to progress and improve the lives of individuals. Without accepting the belief in progress, it would be difficult to justify the changes and transformations that frequently accompany modernization efforts.

Question 4

Although the Iroquois traded beaver skins and other furs to the French, they refused to accept guns, ammunition, and liquor as payment.

Accepted Answer

The Iroquois did trade beaver skins and other furs with the French, but they accepted guns, ammunition, and other goods, including liquor, as part of the trade. Firearms became an important part of Iroquois warfare and hunting practices.

Question 5

Globalization began in the middle of the last century.

Accepted Answer

Globalization has historical roots that stretch back centuries, with significant developments in global trade and cultural exchange occurring long before the middle of the last century. The Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, for example, marked an early phase of globalization.

Question 6

Native Americans in the U.S. currently have the same standard of living as average middle class Americans.

Accepted Answer

Native Americans in the U.S. have historically faced significant economic and social disparities, and while there have been some improvements in recent years, studies still show that many Native American communities experience poverty rates, poor health outcomes, and inadequate access to education and employment opportunities. Overall, their standard of living is not yet on par with the average middle class American.

Question 7

A country will be classified as underdeveloped because of poor health care and high infant mortality even if the total value of goods and services produced by that country is as high as that of a developed country.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A country will be classified as underdeveloped...

Question 8

Rates of alcoholism among the Ju/'hoansi or San have increased as a result of wage labor.

Accepted Answer

According to anthropological studies and research, the rates of alcoholism have increased among the Ju/'hoansi or San as a result of their transition from a traditional hunting and gathering lifestyle to wage labor-oriented lifestyles. As they were exposed to new economic and social pressures, alcohol consumption became a way of coping with stress and anxiety.

Question 9

As recently as 1934, Native Americans were not considered U.S. citizens but wards of the state.

Accepted Answer

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 granted Native Americans citizenship and a degree of self-governance, ending the previous policy of treating them as wards of the state.

Question 10

Japan is considered to be a Third World country.

Accepted Answer

Japan is not considered a Third World country. The term "Third World" originated during the Cold War era to describe countries that were not aligned with either the capitalist First World or the communist Second World. However, the term has since fallen out of use because it was considered disrespectful and inaccurate. Japan is actually considered a highly developed country and is ranked as the world's third-largest economy.

Question 11

The Ju/'hoansi or San were protected from exploitation and assimilation by the South African government.

Accepted Answer

The Ju/'hoansi, along with other indigenous groups, were subjected to forced removals, displacement from their land, and forced assimilation into Western cultural norms by the South African government during apartheid. They were also exploited for their labor and resources, particularly during the colonial period.

Question 12

"Ethnocide" refers to the physical extermination of a particular group of people.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocide refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the culture, customs, and way of life of a particular group of people. It does not necessarily involve physical extermination.

Question 13

Mbuti Pygmies have adapted well to a lifestyle based on mining and farming.

Accepted Answer

Mbuti Pygmies historically have been hunter-gatherers and have not generally practiced mining or farming.

Question 14

According to modernization theory, self-sustained growth requires the consistent reinvestment of savings and capital into modern technology.

Accepted Answer

Modernization theory argues that in order for countries to achieve self-sustained growth, it is necessary to invest savings and capital into modern technology in a consistent and ongoing manner. This is believed to increase productivity, efficiency, and overall economic growth over time.

Question 15

Poland and Hungary would be classified as First World countries.

Accepted Answer

The term "First World" is no longer widely used since the end of the Cold War. It originally referred to countries aligned with the United States and its allies during the Cold War, while "Second World" referred to countries aligned with the Soviet Union and its allies. Today, the more commonly used terms to categorize countries are "developed," "developing," and "least developed." Poland and Hungary are both considered developed countries.

Question 16

The Mbuti Pygmies are an example of an aboriginal people devastated by civil wars and corporate exploitation of the rainforest in which they live.

Accepted Answer

The Mbuti Pygmies have been affected by civil wars and corporate exploitation of the rainforest, leading to displacement and loss of access to traditional resources.

Question 17

Colin Turnbull examined two cases of African foragers who have faced decimation through forced cultural change. These were the Yanamamö and the San.

Accepted Answer

Colin Turnbull did study the Yanamamö, but he did not study the San. Instead, he studied the Ik people of Uganda who also faced cultural change and decimation.

Question 18

Missionaries in Venezuela have helped preserve the Yanomamö culture.

Accepted Answer

There is controversy surrounding the involvement of missionaries with the Yanomamö people in Venezuela. Some argue that their influence has led to negative consequences such as the spread of disease and disruption of traditional practices. Additionally, some missionaries have been accused of exploiting and manipulating the Yanomamö for their own gain. However, others argue that certain missionaries have worked to preserve the culture and promote sustainable development. Overall, the impact of missionaries on the Yanomamö culture is complex and subject to debate.

Question 19

Immanuel Wallerstein, the chief proponent of world systems theory, agrees with dependency theorists that industrial nations prosper through the economic domination and exploitation of non-industrial peoples.

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory posits that the world is divided into a core, periphery, and semi-periphery, with the core industrial nations dominating and exploiting the periphery non-industrial nations for their resources and labor. Therefore, Wallerstein agrees with dependency theorists that industrial nations prosper through economic domination and exploitation.

Question 20

Dependency theory was influenced by Marxism.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory is a Marxist-inspired theory that seeks to explain the economic underdevelopment of countries in the Global South as a result of their historical and ongoing relationship with the capitalist countries of the Global North.

Quiz 13: Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies