Societies such as the Kwakiutl and Bella Coola of the Northwest Coast of North America are classified as chiefdoms, even though they had hunting and gathering economies and did not practice any horticulture or agriculture.

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Chiefdoms are defined by the presence of a chief who holds power over a certain territory and its people, but this political system can be found in societies with different economic practices, including hunting and gathering. Therefore, societies such as the Kwakiutl and Bella Coola can be classified as chiefdoms despite their economy.

Societies Such as the Kwakiutl and Bella Coola of the Northwest