Question 1

_____ are tumors that begin in one part of the body and spread to another part of the body.
A) Meningiomas
B) Gliomas
C) Metastatic tumors
D) Gangliomas

Accepted Answer

Metastatic tumors are tumors that spread from one part of the body to another. Meningiomas, gliomas, and gangliomas are all types of primary brain tumors that originate in the brain itself.

Question 2

Chris has been feeling very ill lately.He has had a severe headache for a week now and has been vomiting,has had trouble concentrating,and has started losing some of his vision.This morning he had a seizure.You tell Chris he should go to the hospital immediately because he probably has:
A) the flu.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) a brain tumor.
D) Huntington disease.

Accepted Answer

Chris's symptoms are indicative of a serious neurological issue, such as a brain tumor. The severe headache, vomiting, trouble concentrating, and loss of vision all point to increased pressure within the brain. The seizure is a red flag and a medical emergency. Chris needs to seek immediate medical attention to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Question 3

For every neuron in the central nervous system there is (are)_____ glial cell(s).
A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 100

Accepted Answer

For every neuron in the central nervous system, there is one glial cell. This is important because glial cells provide support and nourishment for neurons, and also play a role in protecting them from damage and helping to transmit signals. There are several types of glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

Question 4

Greg accidentally cuts his fingertip with a knife.The next day he notices that his fingertip seems numb to the touch.Greg is very concerned about this,but you tell him not to worry because nerves in the _____ regenerate thanks to _____.
A) central nervous system;oligodendroglial cells.
B) central nervous system;Schwann cells
C) peripheral nervous system;Schwann cells
D) peripheral nervous system;oligodendroglial cells

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling the body's movements and transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body, including sensation. The cells responsible for regenerating nerves in the peripheral nervous system are Schwann cells, which can help regenerate damaged nerve fibers. The central nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information and controlling movement, and its cells - oligodendroglial cells - do not regenerate nerves to the same extent as Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 5

_____ are tumors that are often encapsulated and relatively easy to remove with surgery.
A) Gliomas
B) Meningiomas
C) Metastatic
D) Neuromas

Accepted Answer

Meningiomas are tumors that are typically encapsulated and often located on the outer covering of the brain, making them relatively easy to remove with surgery. Gliomas, on the other hand, are tumors that infiltrate the brain tissue and are generally more difficult to remove completely. Metastatic tumors are cancers that have spread from other parts of the body, and neuromas are tumors that arise from nerve tissue.

Question 6

Glial cells are primarily responsible for:
A) the reception of sensory information.
B) the support of neurons.
C) the processing of information.
D) the production of actions or motor outputs.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, provide support and protection for neurons in the nervous system. They are important in maintaining the environment around neurons and helping with the growth and repair of neural tissues. While they may have some roles in information processing, they are primarily responsible for supporting neurons, making choice B the best answer.

Question 7

Phagocytosis,or the breakdown of any foreign tissue or dead brain cells,is carried out by:
A) astrocytes.
B) microglial cells.
C) ependymal cells.
D) oligodendroglial cells.

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis, or the breakdown of foreign tissue or dead cells, is carried out by microglial cells in the brain. Astrocytes provide support and nutrients to neurons, ependymal cells line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid, and oligodendroglial cells produce myelin.

Question 8

The fluid in which the cell's internal structures are suspended is called:
A) lysosome.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

The fluid in which the cell's internal structures are suspended is called the intracellular fluid. A is incorrect because lysosomes are organelles within the cell that contain digestive enzymes. B is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. C is incorrect because cerebrospinal fluid is found around the brain and spinal cord, not within the cell.

Question 9

When neurons are continuously firing,they need a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to continue operating.This is achieved via _____,which signal blood vessels to expand and increase blood flow.
A) Schwann cells
B) ependymal cells
C) astrocytes
D) microglia

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes have a specialized function in the brain known as neurovascular coupling, where they signal to blood vessels to expand and increase blood flow to areas where neurons are continuously firing and require a constant supply of glucose and oxygen. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and are responsible for myelinating peripheral nerves. Ependymal cells line the cerebral ventricles and create cerebrospinal fluid. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that protect against foreign substances and cell debris.

Question 10

According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Both some new neurons and many new glial cells are formed throughout life.
B) Neither neurons nor glial cells continue to be formed after the first few years of life.
C) Some new neurons are formed throughout life,but glial cells are not.
D) Many new glial cells are formed throughout life,but new neurons are not.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "both new neurons and new glial cells are formed throughout life." Option A correctly states this information. Option B is incorrect as the text states that new neurons and glial cells are formed throughout life. Option C is incorrect as the text states that some new neurons are formed throughout life, but it also states that new glial cells are formed. Option D is incorrect as the text states that many new glial cells are formed, but it also states that new neurons are formed as well.

Question 11

Microglia originates in:
A) the ventricles.
B) most areas of brain tissue.
C) the blood.
D) the cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

Microglia originate from the yolk sac and migrate into the brain during early development, where they become resident immune cells. They are derived from the blood, specifically from hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Question 12

_____ are glial cells that have nutritive and supportive functions.
A) Ependymal cells
B) Purkinje cells
C) Telodendria
D) Astrocytes

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system that play a role in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, regulation of ion concentrations, and support neuronal health through the uptake and storage of neurotrophic factors.

Question 13

Some _____ act as "glue" that helps bind neurons together.
A) glial cells
B) pyramidal cells
C) stellate cells
D) Purkinje cells

Accepted Answer

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support neurons and help to maintain homeostasis in the brain. Some types of glial cells, such as astrocytes, play a role in neuronal communication by providing structural support and acting as a "glue" that helps bind neurons together. Pyramidal cells, stellate cells, and Purkinje cells are all types of neurons with specific structural and functional characteristics. However, they do not serve as "glue" that helps bind neurons together.

Question 14

_____ help generate myelin in the central nervous system,whereas _____ help generate myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
A) Schwann cells;oligodendroglial cells
B) Astrocytes;Schwann cells
C) Oligodendroglial cells;Schwann cells
D) Oligodendroglial cells;microglial cells

Accepted Answer

Oligodendroglial cells help generate myelin in the central nervous system, whereas Schwann cells help generate myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

Ependymal cells are associated with:
A) the blood-brain barrier.
B) the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
C) the production of myelin.
D) the healing of damaged tissue.

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid, which helps to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Question 16

Astroglia are NOT associated with:
A) expansion of blood vessels.
B) the blood-brain barrier.
C) formation of scar tissue.
D) removal of dead tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Astroglia are NOT associated with:
A) expansion of...

Question 17

_____ operate as part of the brain's immune system.
A) Astrocytes
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendroglia
D) Ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

Microglia are the cells that operate as part of the brain's immune system, responsible for monitoring the brain and spinal cord for damage or infection, and reacting to these events to protect the nervous system. Astrocytes play a supportive role in the nervous system by regulating the environment around neurons, while Oligodendroglia and Ependymal cells are involved in the production and maintenance of myelin and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively.

Question 18

Which of the following are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?
A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) astrocytes
D) Schwann cells

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid. Microglia are immune cells in the brain, astrocytes provide structural support and help regulate neurotransmitter levels, and Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 19

The blood-brain barrier is made up of _____ attached to neurons and blood vessels.
A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) Schwann cells
D) ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is composed of astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell that are attached to both neurons and blood vessels. They help to regulate the exchange of substances between the bloodstream and the brain tissue. The other cell types listed (microglia, Schwann cells, and ependymal cells) are not directly involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.

Question 20

Hydrocephalus is usually caused by blockage at:
A) the first ventricle.
B) the lateral ventricle.
C) the third ventricle.
D) the fourth ventricle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrocephalus is usually caused by blockage at:
A)...

Quiz 3:What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part C

_____ are tumors that begin in one part of the body and spread to another part of the body.

Chris has been feeling very ill lately.He has had a severe headache for a week now and has been vomiting,has had trouble concentrating,and has started losing some of his vision.This morning he had a seizure.You tell Chris he should go to the hospital immediately because he probably has:

For every neuron in the central nervous system there is (are) _____ glial cell(s) .

Greg accidentally cuts his fingertip with a knife.The next day he notices that his fingertip seems numb to the touch.Greg is very concerned about this,but you tell him not to worry because nerves in the _ regenerate thanks to _.

_____ are tumors that are often encapsulated and relatively easy to remove with surgery.

Glial cells are primarily responsible for:

Phagocytosis,or the breakdown of any foreign tissue or dead brain cells,is carried out by:

The fluid in which the cell's internal structures are suspended is called:

When neurons are continuously firing,they need a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to continue operating.This is achieved via _____,which signal blood vessels to expand and increase blood flow.

According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Microglia originates in:

_____ are glial cells that have nutritive and supportive functions.

Some _____ act as "glue" that helps bind neurons together.

_ help generate myelin in the central nervous system,whereas _ help generate myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

Ependymal cells are associated with:

Astroglia are NOT associated with:

_____ operate as part of the brain's immune system.

Which of the following are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

The blood-brain barrier is made up of _____ attached to neurons and blood vessels.

Hydrocephalus is usually caused by blockage at: