Question 1

Three approaches are in common use for coping with data transmission errors: error-detection codes,error-correction codes,and __________ protocols.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three approaches are in common use for...

Question 2

The ratio of redundant bits to data bits,(n - k)/k ,is called the __________ of the code.

Accepted Answer

The ratio of redundant bits to data bits, (n - k)/k, is called the redundancy of the code. This measures the proportion of extra bits added for error detection or correction purposes compared to the original data bits.

Question 3

Error correction works by adding ________ to the transmitted message.

Accepted Answer

Error correction works by adding redundancy to the transmitted message, which means adding extra bits that allow for detecting and correcting errors in the received message. This process is based on mathematical algorithms that can recover the original data by comparing the transmitted message with the received message and using the extra bits to correct any errors that occurred during transmission. Option A is incorrect because decoding is the process of converting coded information into plain text, which is not directly related to error correction. Option B is incorrect because clarification implies providing more information or explanation, which is not what error correction does. Option C is incorrect because an error burst is a sequence of consecutive errors in a data transmission, which is a specific type of error, but not the solution for correcting errors in general.

Question 4

A way of viewing the CRC process is to express all values as ________ in a dummy variable X with binary coefficients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A way of viewing the CRC process...

Question 5

The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a measure of how...

Question 6

In ________ transmission systems,an error occurs when a bit is altered between transmission and reception.

Accepted Answer

In digital transmission systems, data is transmitted as discrete bits, and any alteration to a bit between transmission and reception can result in errors. Analog transmission systems, on the other hand, transmit data as continuous waves, and errors are typically caused by interference or noise in the signal. Idle and guided transmission systems refer to methods of transmitting data, but do not affect the likelihood of errors occurring.

Question 7

A ________ error is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ error is an isolated error...

Question 8

The use of coding allows a reduction,referred to as the ________,and defined as the reduction in decibels to achieve a specified BER of an error correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation.

Accepted Answer

The reduction in decibels to achieve a specified BER of an error correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation is known as coding gain. Therefore, the best choice is C, coding gain.

Question 9

Correction of errors using an error detecting code requires that block of data to be ________.

Accepted Answer

Correction of errors using an error detecting code requires that the block of data be retransmitted to ensure that the errors are corrected. Skipped over or deleted data may lead to loss of important information, and streaming does not address the issue of error detection and correction.

Question 10

The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a measure of how...

Question 11

FEC codes are designed not just to detect but correct errors,avoiding the need for __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of FEC codes are designed not just to...

Question 12

The __________ d(v1 ,v2)between two n -bit binary sequences v1 and v2 is the number of bits in which v1 and v2 disagree.

Accepted Answer

The Hamming distance is defined as the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols in two n-bit strings are different. It is a measure of dissimilarity between the two strings and is commonly used in coding theory, error correction, and cryptography. The other options, check bits, FCS, and ECC, do not directly correspond to the definition given and are not as commonly used for measuring string dissimilarity.

Question 13

___________ operates in a fashion similar to error detection but is capable of correcting certain errors in a transmitted bit stream.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ operates in a fashion similar to...

Question 14

The data,plus preamble,postamble and control information are called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The data,plus preamble,postamble and control information are...

Question 15

The __________ is the reduction,in decibels,to achieve a specified BER of an error-correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation.

Accepted Answer

The given definition describes the term "coding gain," which is the reduction in decibels achieved by using error-correcting codes. Option A (FEC) also refers to error-correcting codes, but it doesn't specifically address the comparison between coded and uncoded systems. Option B (Hamming distance) is a measure of the minimum number of bit positions that must be changed to convert one code word into another, which is not directly related to the given definition. Option D (checksum) is a method for detecting errors in data transmission, but it doesn't involve error correction or coding gain.

Question 16

The ratio of redundant bits to data bits is called the ________ of the code.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ratio of redundant bits to data...

Question 17

A ___________ is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits.

Accepted Answer

A single-bit error is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits. Parity error refers to errors in a group of bits where the number of ones in a byte is odd or even, while burst error and streaming error refer to errors in multiple bits or a continuous stream of bits.

Question 18

The _________ is a string of 1-bit storage devices with each device having an output line,which indicates the value currently stored,and an input line.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the definition of a shift register, which is a sequence of 1-bit storage devices with output and input lines for each device. Parity and digital logic are not specific enough to match the given description.

Question 19

The __________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

Accepted Answer

The given definition perfectly matches with the concept of code rate. The code rate is the ratio of the number of bits transmitted in a coded signal to the number of bits in the original signal. It represents the efficiency of a particular coding scheme, and a higher code rate indicates higher efficiency as it requires less additional bandwidth to carry the same data rate. The other options (A, C, and D) are not relevant to the given concept.

Question 20

Redundant bits are used by the _________ for the purpose of error detection or correction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Redundant bits are used by the _________...

Quiz 6: Error Detection and Correction

Three approaches are in common use for coping with data transmission errors: error-detection codes,error-correction codes,and __________ protocols.

The ratio of redundant bits to data bits,(n - k) /k ,is called the __________ of the code.

Error correction works by adding ________ to the transmitted message.

A way of viewing the CRC process is to express all values as ________ in a dummy variable X with binary coefficients.

The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

In ________ transmission systems,an error occurs when a bit is altered between transmission and reception.

A ________ error is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits.

The use of coding allows a reduction,referred to as the ________,and defined as the reduction in decibels to achieve a specified BER of an error correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation.

Correction of errors using an error detecting code requires that block of data to be ________.

The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

FEC codes are designed not just to detect but correct errors,avoiding the need for __________.

The __________ d(v1 ,v2) between two n -bit binary sequences v1 and v2 is the number of bits in which v1 and v2 disagree.

___________ operates in a fashion similar to error detection but is capable of correcting certain errors in a transmitted bit stream.

The data,plus preamble,postamble and control information are called a ________.

The __________ is the reduction,in decibels,to achieve a specified BER of an error-correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation.

The ratio of redundant bits to data bits is called the ________ of the code.

A ___________ is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits.

The _________ is a string of 1-bit storage devices with each device having an output line,which indicates the value currently stored,and an input line.

The __________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.

Redundant bits are used by the _________ for the purpose of error detection or correction.