Question 1

What is the name for the glomerular capsule?

Accepted Answer

The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman's capsule. The other options listed are different parts of the nephron, but not specifically the capsule that surrounds the glomerulus.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

The urinary system has several functions including getting rid of waste products, maintaining normal blood pH, playing a role in the production of red blood cells, and helping to regulate blood pressure. Therefore, option E "All of the above" is the correct answer.

Question 3

What are the two main parts of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

The two main parts of a nephron are the renal corpuscle (consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and the renal tubule. The renal cortex and renal medulla, renal pyramids and renal columns are different parts of the kidney.

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of the urethra in a male?

Accepted Answer

The male urethra serves a dual function, transporting both urine from the bladder to the outside of the body and semen during ejaculation.

Question 5

What is the function of the ureters?

Accepted Answer

The function of the ureters is to transport urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 6

Which of the following occurs in the absence of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which leads to the production of more concentrated urine. In the absence of ADH, the kidneys excrete more water, resulting in the production of more dilute urine. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 7

Which of the following carries fluid away from the glomerular capsule toward a collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

The renal tubule carries fluid away from the glomerular capsule toward a collecting duct. The major and minor calyx and renal papillae are all parts of the renal pelvis and are involved in draining urine from the collecting ducts.

Question 8

Which of the following is made up of three openings and is located on the floor of the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

The trigone is a triangular region of the urinary bladder that is made up of three openings: two from the ureters and one from the urethra. The renal pyramid is a part of the kidney, the calyx is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney, and the cortex is the outer layer of the kidney.

Question 9

What is the term for the act of expelling urine?

Accepted Answer

Micturition is the term for the act of expelling urine from the bladder. A is incorrect as menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining. B is too broad as it encompasses various forms of waste elimination. C refers to the involuntary movement of muscles in the digestive system to move food along.

Question 10

What makes up the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries located within the Bowman's capsule in the kidney. It plays a crucial role in the filtration of blood and the formation of urine. Hyaline cartilage, neurons, and loose connective tissue are not components of the glomerulus.

Question 11

What is the function of rugae located in the wall of the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Rugae are folds or wrinkles in the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder. Their function is to allow the bladder to expand and accommodate fluid as it fills with urine.

Question 12

Which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that helps to regulate the blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that helps to regulate the blood pressure. It plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Epinephrine is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, insulin is secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, and thyroid-stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to regulate thyroid function. None of these hormones have a direct role in regulating blood pressure via the kidneys.

Question 13

Which of the following is a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that increases reabsorption of sodium and reduces urine output?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone is the hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that increases the reabsorption of sodium and reduces urine output. Atrial natriuretic hormone, on the other hand, promotes excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, while ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland to produce hormones such as cortisol.

Question 14

Which of the following is the longest part of the male urethra?

Accepted Answer

The spongy urethra, also known as the penile urethra, is the longest part of the male urethra, running through the length of the penis.

Question 15

Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder through contraction of the

Accepted Answer

Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder through contraction of the detrusor muscle, which is a smooth muscle that lines the bladder. The external abdominal muscles, buccinator muscle, and rectus abdominis muscles are not directly involved in the process of urination.

Question 16

Which of the following substances is NOT reabsorbed into the body in the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

Urea is not completely reabsorbed by the body in the renal tubule and is excreted in the urine. Glucose, water, and sodium are all reabsorbed to varying degrees depending on the body's needs.

Question 17

Which of the following controls the passage of urine through the urethra?

Accepted Answer

The internal and external sphincters control the passage of urine through the urethra. The internal sphincter is an involuntary muscle that stays contracted to prevent urine leakage, while the external sphincter is a voluntary muscle that can be consciously contracted to hold urine or relaxed to allow urination. The other options listed do not contribute to the control of urine flow through the urethra.

Question 18

Which of the following does the urinary system NOT comprise?

Accepted Answer

The prostate gland is not part of the urinary system, it is part of the male reproductive system.

Question 19

Blood enters the glomerulus through the

Accepted Answer

Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, which is a branch of the renal artery. The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus, and eventually leads to the formation of the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta. The cystic duct is not related to the glomerulus or the renal vasculature, and is instead part of the biliary system in the liver.

Question 20

Which of the following layers of the ureter exhibits peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

The muscular layer of the ureter exhibits peristalsis, which helps propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The mucosa layer lines the internal surface of the ureter while the fibrous coat is the outermost layer providing structural support. None of these layers are responsible for peristalsis.

Quiz 15: Urinary System