The modern ideologies that were first articulated in the nineteenth century following the defeat of Napoleon included all of the following EXCEPT:

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Conciliarism is not a modern ideology that emerged in the nineteenth century, but rather a medieval movement advocating for church councils to have greater authority than the pope. The other four options - nationalism, socialism, conservatism, and liberalism - are all ideologies that emerged in the nineteenth century.

The Modern Ideologies That Were First Articulated in the Nineteenth