Question 1

Organisms in Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have cells with membrane-enclosed internal compartments; therefore, these organisms are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms in Archaea and Bacteria do not...

Question 2

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can...

Question 3

A small dye molecule injected into a plant cell can pass into adjacent plant cells because of the presence of

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata are small channels that exist between plant cell walls that allow for communication and movement of molecules between adjacent plant cells. Therefore, a small dye molecule injected into a plant cell can pass into adjacent plant cells because of the presence of plasmodesmata.

Question 4

Refer to the figure below.  Which statement describes the process depicted in the figure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  Which...

Question 5

When you cut an orange in half, you _______ the surface area-to-volume ratio.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you cut an orange in half,...

Question 6

The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the

Accepted Answer

The cell wall is a semirigid structure that provides support to the plant cell and determines its shape. The capsule is present in some bacterial cells and is a protective layer that is not found in plant cells. The flagellum is a structure for movement that is not involved in cell shape or support. Cytosol and cytoplasm refer to the liquid content of the cell and do not contribute to its structure.

Question 7

Transport of cytoplasmic materials between plant cells is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

Membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata facilitate the transport of cytoplasmic materials between plant cells. The other options listed either do not relate to plant cells (cilia) or are not specifically involved in intercellular transport in plants (kinesin, cell wall, cytoskeleton).

Question 8

The three principle tenets of biology-that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life-make up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three principle tenets of biology-that all...

Question 9

Refer to the figure below.  Which word identifies the functional role of the extracellular matrix in the figure?

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in adhesion by providing a support structure that cells can attach to. This adhesion is necessary for cell signaling, migration, and communication.

Question 10

Five true statements about mitochondria and/or chloroplasts are given.Which statement could be considered evidence that supports endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The presence of DNA and ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for endosymbiotic theory. According to the theory, these organelles were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by a larger host cell and developed a symbiotic relationship. The fact that they still have their own DNA and ribosomes supports this theory.

Question 11

According to endosymbiotic theory, which subcellular structures were once independent prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by larger cells and evolved into organelles.

Question 12

The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the electron microscope uses _______ to focus electrons for imaging.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The light microscope has glass lenses that...

Question 13

Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before reaching their targeted destinations.Which sequence represents the structures, in the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence is RER -> vesicle -> cis-Golgi -> medial-Golgi -> trans-Golgi -> vesicle -> cell membrane. Choice E is the only sequence that follows this order.

Question 14

A(n) _______ cell always lacks a cell wall.

Accepted Answer

Animal cells lack cell walls, while plant, fungal, and prokaryotic cells have them. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and also have cell walls.

Question 15

The extracellular matrix of animal cells

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix plays a role in determining the shape and movements of cells during embryonic development, providing guidance for cell orientation.

Answer: E
 The extracellular matrix provides a protective barrier against pathogens, including disease-causing fungi. It does not contain lysosomes or cellulose, and it does not limit cell volume by remaining rigid.

Question 16

Ribosomes are found in bacterial cells, in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, and in the mitochondria and plastids of eukaryotic cells.It has therefore been of interest to researchers to do comparative studies of ribosomes isolated from these locations as a way to test endosymbiotic theory.Which type of comparative information would be most likely to provide evidence that could either refute or support endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The structure of ribosomes can provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory because if ribosomes in mitochondria and plastids are more similar to those found in bacteria than to those in the eukaryotic cytosol, it supports the idea that mitochondria and plastids originated from endosymbiotic bacteria.

Question 17

The _______ is the fundamental unit of life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ is the fundamental unit of...

Question 18

Biologists hypothesize that the protein collagen is both a structural ingredient in bone and a stimulating molecule that induces immature bone cells to develop and produce other ingredients for bone growth.To test this hypothesis, two groups of mice were studied from birth to adulthood.One mouse group was normal, while the other carried a mutation in a gene that controls the synthesis of type I collagen.Panel A in the figure below compares the sizes of the mice in the two groups, and panel B compares their weights.Panel C compares the skeletal features of the two groups, with dark gray representing bone and light gray representing cartilage.  Which statement can be made about the nature of the mutation in the experimental group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biologists hypothesize that the protein collagen is...

Question 19

A particle of food encounters a series of cellular structures during digestion by an animal cell.In what order does this encounter occur, starting from the exterior of the cell?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence starts with the cell membrane, where the particle first makes contact with the cell. It is then engulfed to form a phagosome, which fuses with a primary lysosome to form a secondary lysosome where digestion occurs.

Question 20

The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of living organisms to maintain...

Quiz 5: Cells: the Working Units of Life