Question 1

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. As you run up a steep hill, your ventilation rate increases as you breathe faster and more deeply.This increase in ventilation rate is being caused primarily by an increase in the partial pressure of which gas carried in your blood? Based on the graph, what change in arterial PO₂ would bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO₂ from 40 mm Hg to 50 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates...

Question 2

Refer to the figure.  The figure shows a tracing of ventilation volumes that would be typical of your own breathing when at rest.If you started running, which arrow(s) would increase in length, as the peaks changed size in the tracing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  The figure...

Question 3

During an episode of hyperventilation, a person breathes very deeply and rapidly, which removes large amounts of CO₂ from the person's blood.Following hyperventilation, the person's breathing temporarily stops.What could explain this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During an episode of hyperventilation, a person...

Question 4

Refer to the figure.  Match the curves with what they represent from the following list: fetal hemoglobin, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.4, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.2, and myoglobin.Which curve could also represent adult hemoglobin with increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), a metabolite of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  Match the...

Question 5

All gases diffuse faster at ______ temperatures, and faster in _______ than in _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Graham's law, the rate of diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight and directly proportional to the temperature. Therefore, gases diffuse faster at higher temperatures. Additionally, gases diffuse faster in air than in water because the molecules in air are farther apart and there are fewer collisions.

Question 6

Diffusion is the

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is the means by which respiratory gases are exchanged between the respiratory medium (air or water) and the internal body fluids of an animal. Option A is incorrect as it mentions the opposite of what diffusion actually is. Option C is incorrect as it mentions active movement, which is not a characteristic of diffusion. Option D is incorrect as it mentions the need for a protein, which is not necessary for simple diffusion. Option E is also incorrect as it mentions the opposite of what actually happens during diffusion.

Question 7

Why would you be more likely to find birds than mammals at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why would you be more likely to...

Question 8

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature, so the concentration of oxygen will be lowest in the high-temperature container. However, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air above the water remains constant at equilibrium.

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing the O₂-binding/dissociation curves for human and llama hemoglobins. South American camelids (i.e., llamas, alpacas, guanacos, and vicuñas) are native to the Andes Mountains.In the natural habitat of these mammals, more than 5,000 meters above sea level, the PO₂ is below 85 mm Hg, and the PO₂ in the camelids' lungs is about 50 mm Hg.The hemoglobins of these camelids are different from that of humans.Why would llama hemoglobin be advantageous at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing the O₂-binding/dissociation...

Question 10

Refer to the figure.  Which curve represents alveolar pressure and which represents pleural cavity pressure? At what point in the breathing cycle is the pleural cavity pressure decreasing while the alveolar pressure is increasing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  Which curve...

Question 11

The solubility of oxygen in water _______ as the temperature of water _______.

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases in liquids, including oxygen in water, typically decreases as the temperature increases. Therefore, as the temperature of water decreases, the solubility of oxygen in water increases.

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.  This process of carbon dioxide transport happens in what part of the body, and how do you know this? What is the name of the enzyme labeled A? When this red blood cell arrives at a capillary in the intestine, what reaction will the enzyme labeled A be catalyzing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing how carbon...

Question 13

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a dangerous gas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a...

Question 14

Which feature characterizes a gas in solution?

Accepted Answer

The amount of a gas in solution depends on both its partial pressure in the gas phase (which affects the concentration of the gas molecules in contact with the liquid) and its solubility in the liquid phase. Therefore, the best choice is E. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not explain the dual dependence on both partial pressure and solubility. Choice C is incorrect because it suggests that only the partial pressure in the liquid phase is important, when in fact the gas's partial pressure in the gas phase also plays a role.

Question 15

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which would contribute to a higher rate of diffusion of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

A large surface area increases the rate of diffusion according to Fick's law, as it allows more gas molecules to pass through the membrane simultaneously.

Question 16

In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, excess fibrous connective tissue thickens the walls of the lungs, making the lung tissue less elastic.Why would this lowered elasticity decrease the ability of these patients to exercise?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, excess fibrous...

Question 17

Which statement regarding diffusion of gases is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement regarding diffusion of gases is...

Question 18

Smoking can lead to emphysema, a condition in which the walls of the alveoli break down, leading to fewer and larger alveoli.This causes an increase in residual volume.What is a consequence of increased residual volume?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Smoking can lead to emphysema, a condition...

Question 19

Refer to the figure.  Which organism is an aquatic invertebrate that lacks a specialized respiratory system, and how does it compensate for this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  Which organism...

Question 20

Which statement about cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which must be removed from the body through exhalation. Choices A, B, D, and E are all incorrect statements about cellular respiration and gas exchange.

Quiz 48: Gas Exchange

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a tracing of ventilation volumes that would be typical of your own breathing when at rest.If you started running, which arrow(s) would increase in length, as the peaks changed size in the tracing?

During an episode of hyperventilation, a person breathes very deeply and rapidly, which removes large amounts of CO₂ from the person's blood.Following hyperventilation, the person's breathing temporarily stops.What could explain this?

Refer to the figure. Match the curves with what they represent from the following list: fetal hemoglobin, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.4, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.2, and myoglobin.Which curve could also represent adult hemoglobin with increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), a metabolite of glycolysis?

All gases diffuse faster at __ temperatures, and faster in _ than in _____.

Diffusion is the

Why would you be more likely to find birds than mammals at high altitudes?

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

Refer to the figure. Which curve represents alveolar pressure and which represents pleural cavity pressure? At what point in the breathing cycle is the pleural cavity pressure decreasing while the alveolar pressure is increasing?

The solubility of oxygen in water _ as the temperature of water _.

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a dangerous gas?

Which feature characterizes a gas in solution?

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which would contribute to a higher rate of diffusion of respiratory gases?

In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, excess fibrous connective tissue thickens the walls of the lungs, making the lung tissue less elastic.Why would this lowered elasticity decrease the ability of these patients to exercise?

Which statement regarding diffusion of gases is true?

Smoking can lead to emphysema, a condition in which the walls of the alveoli break down, leading to fewer and larger alveoli.This causes an increase in residual volume.What is a consequence of increased residual volume?

Refer to the figure. Which organism is an aquatic invertebrate that lacks a specialized respiratory system, and how does it compensate for this?

Which statement about cellular respiration is true?

Quiz 48: Gas Exchange

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a tracing of ventilation volumes that would be typical of your own breathing when at rest.If you started running, which arrow(s) would increase in length, as the peaks changed size in the tracing?

During an episode of hyperventilation, a person breathes very deeply and rapidly, which removes large amounts of CO2 from the person's blood.Following hyperventilation, the person's breathing temporarily stops.What could explain this?

Refer to the figure. Match the curves with what they represent from the following list: fetal hemoglobin, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.4, adult hemoglobin at pH 7.2, and myoglobin.Which curve could also represent adult hemoglobin with increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), a metabolite of glycolysis?

All gases diffuse faster at ______ temperatures, and faster in _______ than in _______.

Diffusion is the

Why would you be more likely to find birds than mammals at high altitudes?

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

Refer to the figure. Which curve represents alveolar pressure and which represents pleural cavity pressure? At what point in the breathing cycle is the pleural cavity pressure decreasing while the alveolar pressure is increasing?

The solubility of oxygen in water _______ as the temperature of water _______.

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a dangerous gas?

Which feature characterizes a gas in solution?

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which would contribute to a higher rate of diffusion of respiratory gases?

In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, excess fibrous connective tissue thickens the walls of the lungs, making the lung tissue less elastic.Why would this lowered elasticity decrease the ability of these patients to exercise?

Which statement regarding diffusion of gases is true?

Smoking can lead to emphysema, a condition in which the walls of the alveoli break down, leading to fewer and larger alveoli.This causes an increase in residual volume.What is a consequence of increased residual volume?

Refer to the figure. Which organism is an aquatic invertebrate that lacks a specialized respiratory system, and how does it compensate for this?

Which statement about cellular respiration is true?

During an episode of hyperventilation, a person breathes very deeply and rapidly, which removes large amounts of CO₂ from the person's blood.Following hyperventilation, the person's breathing temporarily stops.What could explain this?

All gases diffuse faster at __ temperatures, and faster in _ than in _____.

The solubility of oxygen in water _ as the temperature of water _.