The succession occurring on the glacial moraines of Glacier Bay, Alaska, and behind other retreating glaciers is considered primary succession.What aspect of this process defines it as primary, rather than secondary, succession?

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Primary succession occurs in areas where there is no soil or living organisms present, such as bare rock left by retreating glaciers. Secondary succession, on the other hand, occurs in areas where a disturbance, such as a fire or human activity, has removed some but not all of the existing vegetation and soil.

The Succession Occurring on the Glacial Moraines of Glacier Bay