Question 1

Soils with B horizons rich in accumulated aluminum, iron, and silicon are called __________.

Accepted Answer

pedalfers

Question 2

The removal of weathered material is __________.

Accepted Answer

erosion

Question 3

During __________, water dissolves a mineral to form a solution.

Accepted Answer

Dissolution is the process in which a solvent (in this case, water) dissolves a solute (in this case, a mineral) to form a solution. This is a common process in weathering and erosion, as water can dissolve certain minerals and carry them away from their original location. Hydrolysis involves a chemical reaction between water and a compound, while frost wedging and salt cracking involve physical processes rather than chemical ones.

Question 4

When Mount St. Helens erupted, the meltwater from melting glaciers mixed with soil to form __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Mount St. Helens erupted, the meltwater...

Question 5

__________ is the orientation of a slope with respect to the Sun.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the orientation of a slope...

Question 6

In a moist tropical climate, dissolved ions may be leached out of the soil, forming __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a moist tropical climate, dissolved ions...

Question 7

During __________, rock or soil flows slowly downslope under the influence of gravity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During __________, rock or soil flows slowly...

Question 8

__________ is the only rock-forming silicate mineral that does not weather to clay.

Accepted Answer

Quartz is the only rock-forming silicate mineral that does not weather to clay. This is because it is a nonreactive mineral and does not chemically react with water, air, or other common weathering agents.

Question 9

Decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals at the surface by mechanical and chemical processes is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals...

Question 10

__________ __________ reduces solid rock to small fragments but does not alter the chemical composition of rocks and minerals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ __________ reduces solid rock to small...

Question 11

Frost wedging is an example of __________ weathering.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frost wedging is an example of __________...

Question 12

The process whereby granite fractures in large plates or shells like the layers of an onion is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process whereby granite fractures in large...

Question 13

Feldspar weathers to form clay by the process of __________.

Accepted Answer

Feldspar weathers through hydrolysis, which involves the reaction of minerals with water to form new minerals such as clay. Dissolution involves minerals being dissolved and carried away in solution, while frost wedging and salt cracking involve physical weathering processes.

Question 14

The combined O and A soil horizons are also called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combined O and A soil horizons...

Question 15

__________ is a hard crust on the soil that forms when calcium carbonate precipitates in soil.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a hard crust on the...

Question 16

A __________ occurs when a block of material slides downhill as a consolidated unit over a gently curved fracture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ occurs when a block of...

Question 17

Alteration of the composition of rocks and minerals by the interaction of air and water at the Earth's surface is __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alteration of the composition of rocks and...

Question 18

A __________ accumulates beneath many cliffs as the result of frost wedging.

Accepted Answer

Talus is the term for the accumulation of loose rocks that accumulates at the base of a cliff or steep slope caused by the process of frost wedging. This process occurs when water seeps into rocks during the day and freezes at night, causing the rocks to expand and eventually break apart. The resulting debris falls to the base of the slope, forming a talus pile.

Question 19

Wind, flowing water, glaciers, and gravity are agents of __________.

Accepted Answer

Wind, flowing water, glaciers, and gravity are all agents of erosion, which is the process of wearing away or removing material from the Earth's surface.

Question 20

A flowing mixture of clay, silt, sand, and rock in which more than half of the particles are larger than sand is called a/an __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A flowing mixture of clay, silt, sand,...

Quiz 10: Weathering, Soil, and Erosion