Question 1

The foundation of a security auditing facility is the initial capture of
the audit data.

Accepted Answer

Security auditing starts with capturing audit data as a basis for analysis and evaluation.

Question 2

Although important,security auditing is not a key element in computer
security.

Accepted Answer

Security auditing is a crucial aspect in ensuring the security of computer systems. It involves analyzing and assessing the effectiveness of security measures in place to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats. By performing security auditing, organizations can proactively identify and address security issues before they are exploited by attackers, helping to prevent data breaches and other security incidents.

Question 3

Data representing behavior that does not trigger an alarm cannot serve
as input to intrusion detection analysis.

Accepted Answer

Data representing normal behavior is essential for intrusion detection analysis as it helps in establishing a baseline of normal activity, against which potentially malicious activities can be detected.

Question 4

According to ISO 27002,the person(s)carrying out the audit should be
independent of the activities audited.

Accepted Answer

ISO 27002 recommends that the person(s) carrying out the audit should be independent of the activities audited to ensure impartiality and objectivity in the audit process.

Question 5

The ________ is a module that transmits the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector.
A)audit dispatcher
B)audit analyzer
C)audit trail collector
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The audit dispatcher is responsible for transmitting the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector. The audit analyzer is a module that analyzes the audit records collected by the collector, and the audit trail collector is responsible for collecting and storing the audit records from multiple sources. Therefore, the best choice for this question is A) audit dispatcher.

Question 6

Protection of the audit trail involves both integrity and confidentiality.

Accepted Answer

Protection of the audit trail involves ensuring the integrity of the data in the trail, as well as maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive information contained within it.

Question 7

The security administrator must define the set of events that are
subject to audit.

Accepted Answer

The security administrator is responsible for defining the set of events that are subject to audit. This includes determining what activities should be audited and identifying the data that needs to be collected for each event.

Question 8

The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports....

Question 9

Thresholding is a form of baseline analysis.

Accepted Answer

Thresholding is a technique used to segment or separate objects from the background in an image by setting a threshold value. It is a form of baseline analysis as it sets the minimum value needed to differentiate between objects and the background.

Question 10

Means are needed to generate and record a security audit trail and to
review and analyze the audit trail to discover and investigate attacks and security compromises.

Accepted Answer

A security audit trail is necessary for identifying and investigating security breaches. Without it, it is difficult to determine when a breach occurred, what systems were affected, and what data was compromised. Reviewing and analyzing the audit trail can help identify patterns and anomalies that indicate potential attacks, allowing for prompt investigation and mitigation of security risks.

Question 11

The _________ is logic embedded into the software of the system that monitors system activity and detects security-related events that it has been configured to detect.
A)event discriminator
B)audit analyzer
C)archive
D)alarm processor

Accepted Answer

The event discriminator is the component within a system's software that is responsible for monitoring system activity and identifying security-related events based on its configuration. This function is crucial for the early detection of potential security breaches or policy violations.

Question 12

A _______ is conducted to determine the adequacy of system controls,ensure compliance with established security policy and procedures,detect breaches in security services,and recommend any changes that are indicated for countermeasures.
A)security audit trail
B)security audit
C)user-level audit
D)system-level audit trail

Accepted Answer

A security audit is conducted to assess the effectiveness of security controls, ensure compliance with policies and regulations, and identify any security breaches or vulnerabilities. It examines the organization's overall security posture, including policies, procedures, technical controls, and physical security. Auditors review logs, conduct interviews, and perform tests to identify weaknesses and make recommendations for improvement. A security audit trail is a record of audit events, a user-level audit focuses on individual user activities, and a system-level audit trail tracks system activity at a granular level.

Question 13

Audit trails are different from audit logs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Audit trails are different from audit logs....

Question 14

All UNIX implementations will have the same variants of the syslog
facility.

Accepted Answer

While most UNIX implementations have a syslog facility, the variants and implementation details can vary between different operating systems and versions.

Question 15

The first order of business in security audit trail design is the selection
of data items to capture.

Accepted Answer

The selection of data items to capture is an essential task in designing a security audit trail. It helps in identifying the events that need to be logged and tracked for auditing purposes. Once the data items are identified, the next step is to define the format of the audit trail, establish the log collection mechanism, and ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the audit data.

Question 16

Event and audit trail analysis software,tools,and interfaces may be
used to analyze collected data as well as for investigating data trends and anomalies.

Accepted Answer

Event and audit trail analysis software, tools, and interfaces are specifically designed to analyze collected data, investigate data trends, and identify anomalies. Therefore, it is true that they can be used for these purposes.

Question 17

Security auditing can:
A)provide data that can be used to define anomalous behavior
B)maintain a record useful in computer forensics
C)generate data that can be used in after-the-fact analysis of an attack
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Security auditing can provide data that can be used to define anomalous behavior, maintain a record useful in computer forensics, and generate data that can be used in after-the-fact analysis of an attack. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Question 18

The ________ is a module on a centralized system that collects audit trail records from other systems and creates a combined audit trail.
A)audit dispatcher
B)audit analyzer
C)audit trail collector
D)audit provider

Accepted Answer

The audit trail collector is the module responsible for gathering audit trail records from various systems to create a combined audit trail, ensuring centralized monitoring and analysis.

Question 19

The basic audit objective is to establish accountability for system
entities that initiate or participate in security-relevant events and actions.

Accepted Answer

The basic audit objective is indeed to establish accountability for system entities that initiate or participate in security-relevant events and actions.

Question 20

Applications,especially applications with a certain level of privilege,
present security problems that may not be captured by system-level or user-level auditing data.

Accepted Answer

Applications with more privileges can access and manipulate sensitive data or system resources, and these actions may not be recorded in system-level or user-level audit logs. This creates a potential security risk if the application is compromised or maliciously used to carry out unauthorized activities. Therefore, it is important to have specialized auditing and monitoring mechanisms that can detect and analyze application-level security events.

Quiz 18: Security Auditing

The foundation of a security auditing facility is the initial capture of the audit data.

Although important,security auditing is not a key element in computer security.

Data representing behavior that does not trigger an alarm cannot serve as input to intrusion detection analysis.

According to ISO 27002,the person(s)carrying out the audit should be independent of the activities audited.

The ________ is a module that transmits the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector.

Protection of the audit trail involves both integrity and confidentiality.

The security administrator must define the set of events that are subject to audit.

The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports.

Thresholding is a form of baseline analysis.

Means are needed to generate and record a security audit trail and to review and analyze the audit trail to discover and investigate attacks and security compromises.

The _________ is logic embedded into the software of the system that monitors system activity and detects security-related events that it has been configured to detect.

A _______ is conducted to determine the adequacy of system controls,ensure compliance with established security policy and procedures,detect breaches in security services,and recommend any changes that are indicated for countermeasures.

Audit trails are different from audit logs.

All UNIX implementations will have the same variants of the syslog facility.

The first order of business in security audit trail design is the selection of data items to capture.

Event and audit trail analysis software,tools,and interfaces may be used to analyze collected data as well as for investigating data trends and anomalies.

Security auditing can:

The ________ is a module on a centralized system that collects audit trail records from other systems and creates a combined audit trail.

The basic audit objective is to establish accountability for system entities that initiate or participate in security-relevant events and actions.

Applications,especially applications with a certain level of privilege, present security problems that may not be captured by system-level or user-level auditing data.