Question 1

A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on aggression.What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The balanced placebo design allows researchers to manipulate participants' expectations about whether or not they have consumed alcohol, thus separating the pharmacological effects of alcohol from the effects of expectations. This research has shown that expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol.

Question 2

In the long term treatment of alcoholic patients,SSRIs

Accepted Answer

SSRIs have been shown to be helpful in treating patients who have both alcohol use disorder and major depression. While they do not directly treat the addiction to alcohol, they can improve underlying mental health issues that often co-occur with addiction and make recovery more difficult. Additionally, treating depression can reduce the risk of relapse in patients in recovery.

Question 3

What is one of the major problems in treating alcoholism with Antabuse?

Accepted Answer

The major problem in treating alcoholism with Antabuse is that voluntary compliance with drug taking is low. Antabuse works by causing unpleasant side effects when alcohol is consumed, but the individual must choose to consistently take the medication for it to be effective. If they do not comply with taking the medication, they can still consume alcohol without consequences.

Question 4

What is the first step of Alcoholics Anonymous's 12-step program?

Accepted Answer

The first step of Alcoholics Anonymous's 12-step program is admitting that one is powerless over alcohol. This step involves acknowledging that one's life has become unmanageable due to their addiction and that they need help in dealing with it. It is considered the most important step because it opens the door to recovery and allows individuals to move forward with the rest of the program.

Question 5

What is Antabuse?

Accepted Answer

Antabuse is a drug that blocks the breakdown of alcohol in the body, leading to unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, sweating, and palpitations if alcohol is consumed. It is often used as a treatment for alcoholism to help individuals avoid drinking.

Question 6

One of the controversies involving the treatment of substance use disorders is whether

Accepted Answer

The controversy about the treatment of substance use disorders is whether total abstinence from drinking or drug use is the only acceptable goal. While some argue that harm reduction approaches are effective, others believe that only complete abstinence can lead to recovery and long-term health.

Question 7

A relative was admitted to the hospital and given doses of naltrexone for problems related to alcohol.How will this drug affect the man?

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that works by blocking the binding of endogenous opioids, which are naturally occurring in the brain. By doing so, it reduces the rewarding effects of alcohol and can help with alcohol dependence. It does not affect GABA or norepinephrine, and it does not increase dopamine levels.

Question 8

Barbara is seeing a therapist to help her with her drinking problem,and her therapist is trying to improve Barbara's social skills and ability to solve problems.This therapist is probably a

Accepted Answer

A therapist who is working on improving social skills and problem-solving abilities is likely using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication, while recovering alcoholics may be helpful as sponsors or support groups but are not professionally trained therapists. A motivational counselor is not a recognized profession.

Question 9

A team of researchers has decided to employ the high-risk research design in a longitudinal study of adolescent alcohol use.What will these researchers have to do to conduct such a study?

Accepted Answer

High-risk research design involves selecting subjects who are at higher risk for a particular behavior or outcome, such as adolescents who may be more likely to engage in alcohol use. This allows the researchers to examine factors that may contribute to the behavior or outcome and potentially develop interventions to mitigate the risk. This design does not necessarily involve putting subjects in risky situations or investigating unlikely causes, but rather focuses on studying a group with a higher likelihood of displaying the behavior or outcome of interest. The researchers may still need to assess the risky behaviors displayed by the subjects, but this is not the defining characteristic of a high-risk research design.

Question 10

At the mental health center,a young man will begin what is called motivational interviewing.What can this man expect during the session that will follow?

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a client-centered, nonconfrontational approach that helps individuals resolve their ambivalence about behavioral change by exploring and resolving their intrinsic motivations for change. It is not meant to be confrontational, threatening, or coercive, as in the other choices. The goal is to help the individual find their own reasons for and solutions to changing their problematic behavior.

Question 11

Detoxification refers to

Accepted Answer

Detoxification refers to the process of removing a drug from a person's body when they are dependent on it. This process can help manage withdrawal symptoms and prepare them for further treatment.

Question 12

Traditional learning theory has held that people drink because

Accepted Answer

According to traditional learning theory, drinking is reinforced by stress reduction. This means that individuals are more likely to drink alcohol as a way to cope with stress and other negative emotions.

Question 13

Longitudinal studies of adolescent alcohol use and their expectancy patterns have found that

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that adolescents with positive expectations about the effects of alcohol are more likely to consume greater amounts of alcohol over time. These positive expectancies can include beliefs that alcohol will increase confidence, sociability, and pleasure. In contrast, those with negative expectancies about alcohol are less likely to drink or are more likely to drink smaller amounts. These negative expectancies can include beliefs that alcohol will lead to negative consequences such as embarrassment, sickness or trouble. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 14

What is an underlying notion that supports the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous?

Accepted Answer

The 12-step program emphasizes spiritual concepts such as surrendering to a higher power, making amends, and seeking guidance through prayer and meditation. This suggests that the program is based on underlying spiritual beliefs about addiction and recovery rather than purely psychological, biological, or cognitive factors.

Question 15

What is likely to occur if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey?

Accepted Answer

Antabuse is a medication that is used to treat alcohol dependence by causing unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and agitation when alcohol is consumed. Therefore, if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey, he is likely to become violently ill due to the reaction between the medication and alcohol.

Question 16

The treatment of alcoholism and other types of substance use disorders is an especially difficult task because

Accepted Answer

One of the most difficult challenges in treating substance use disorders is getting individuals to acknowledge their difficulties and commit to treatment. This is often due to the aspects of addiction such as denial and lack of insight. Without a person's willingness to address their problem and engage in treatment, recovery may not be possible. While effective treatment techniques exist, reluctance to seek treatment may inhibit success.

Question 17

Some theorists associate alcoholism with exaggerated activation of an endogenous system in response to alcohol stimulation.Which system do they suggest?

Accepted Answer

Some theorists suggest that alcoholism is associated with exaggerated activation of the endogenous opioid system in response to alcohol stimulation. This may lead to reinforcing effects and compulsive drinking behavior.

Question 18

The cognitive behavioral model of relapse prevention is concerned with the abstinence violation effect.What is the abstinence violation effect?

Accepted Answer

The abstinence violation effect refers to the pattern of going back to chronic drinking if one slips up even a little, which can lead to a complete relapse. This effect can be a significant challenge in maintaining abstinence, and the cognitive behavioral model of relapse prevention aims to address it through strategies such as identifying and challenging irrational beliefs, developing coping skills, and learning from slip-ups rather than viewing them as failures.

Question 19

Rebecca is trying to recover from alcoholism.Her therapist is attempting to help her reduce the abstinence violation effect.This is a problem for Rebecca because as soon as she has even a small drink,she thinks,

Accepted Answer

The Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE) is a feeling of guilt or shame that can occur when someone who is trying to abstain from a harmful behavior like drinking has a slip-up. This feeling can often lead to a complete relapse. Rebecca's thinking of "I've messed up; I may as well go ahead and get drunk" demonstrates the AVE. Therefore, the best choice would be D, which could help her overcome this thinking pattern and prevent a full relapse. It's important for her therapist to help her reframe her thinking and develop coping mechanisms to prevent a setback from turning into a full relapse.

Question 20

What is one principal assumption of Alcoholics Anonymous?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholics Anonymous assumes that people cannot recover from alcoholism on their own and that a support group environment is necessary for recovery.

Quiz 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders