Question 1

What was one of the severe side effects of prefrontal lobotomies?

Accepted Answer

One of the severe side effects of prefrontal lobotomies was the absence of emotional responsiveness, or what was called "emotional blunting." Patients who underwent this procedure lost their ability to feel emotions in the same way as before. They often became apathetic, indifferent and lacked social skills.

Question 2

What erroneous assumption led to the development of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Accepted Answer

The erroneous assumption that led to the development of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was that epileptic seizures could prevent schizophrenia. This was based on observations that epilepsy and schizophrenia rarely occurred together, leading to the hypothesis that inducing seizures could potentially treat schizophrenia.

Question 3

You are reading a case study of a patient who has been prescribed the following: Haldol,Clozaril,and Thorazine.You recognize these drugs as belonging to the category called

Accepted Answer

Haldol, Clozaril, and Thorazine are all antipsychotic medications used to treat psychosis, schizophrenia, and other severe mental illnesses.

Question 4

A medical records clerk was reviewing patient files when he came across one that had the name of a procedure he did not recognize: cingulotomy.When he looked up the procedure he found that it is a surgical procedure used in cases in which the diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

Cingulotomy is a surgical procedure used in cases of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder that has not responded to other treatments. It involves the insertion of an electrode into the cingulate gyrus of the brain, which is then heated to destroy a small portion of brain tissue thought to be the source of the patient's symptoms. It is not used to treat schizophrenia, major depression, or antisocial personality disorder.

Question 5

While reading a medical article you come across the category of minor tranquilizers.The writer then gives the term "benzodiazepine" as an example of the chemical group of drugs.What type of drugs is being described?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a type of drug commonly used as anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs). They work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, leading to a calming effect. Examples of benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). None of the other given options represent benzodiazepines.

Question 6

For an assignment you are asked to look up a group of drugs known as major tranquilizers.You consult a drug handbook and find that another term for these drugs is

Accepted Answer

Major tranquilizers are also known as antipsychotics, as they are primarily used to treat symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations and delusions. The other answer choices - antianxiety, antidepressant, and sedative hypnotic - refer to different categories of drugs with distinct uses and mechanisms of action.

Question 7

A psychoanalyst might suggest that Frances,whose case was presented in the text,is demonstrating ______________ if she begins to treat the analyst in ways that suggest she feels about him the way she felt about her father.

Accepted Answer

Transference refers to the transfer of a patient’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, or attitudes from a significant figure in their past onto their therapist. If Frances begins to treat the analyst in a way that suggests she feels about him the way she felt about her father, this would be an example of transference. Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis where patients are encouraged to speak freely without censorship. Countertransference refers to a therapist’s emotional response to a patient, while resistance refers to a patient’s unconscious avoidance or refusal to confront certain thoughts or emotions.

Question 8

What did Sigmund Freud believe was the "true benefit" of free association?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that free association revealed aspects of the unconscious mind. Through this technique, he believed that repressed thoughts and emotions could be brought to the surface and processed, leading to psychological healing.

Question 9

According to Freudian psychoanalysis it is sufficient to cure mental illness if the therapist were to

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian psychoanalysis, bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness is the key to curing mental illness. This process, known as "bringing to consciousness," allows patients to gain insight into the sources of their psychological distress, and to work through them by talking about them with the therapist. Breaking down defenses, training patients to become more hypnotizable, and helping patients accept themselves all play a role in psychoanalysis, but they are not the primary means of curing mental illness according to this theory.

Question 10

Agnes has been recently diagnosed as suffering a particularly severe form of depression.She was admitted to the hospital and given the typical recommended electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)treatment.What will her medical chart reveal about her treatment?

Accepted Answer

The typical recommended treatment for severe depression through ECT is a series of 6 to 12 sessions given over a few weeks. This is the most likely scenario for Agnes' treatment, as stated in the question. The other options are not typical or recommended treatments for depression through ECT.

Question 11

Therapeutic neutrality is viewed as a key component of

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic neutrality is a core principle in the practice of psychoanalysis. It refers to the therapist's ability to remain objective and non-judgmental in their interactions with the patient, allowing the patient to explore their unconscious conflicts without interference or influence from the therapist. This is seen as crucial for the patient to fully understand and resolve their issues.

Question 12

What is the major consideration in deciding whether to use unilateral versus bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)for a patient suffering from severe depression?

Accepted Answer

The major consideration in deciding whether to use unilateral versus bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for a patient suffering from severe depression is the reduction of memory loss. Bilateral ECT has been associated with more severe memory deficits compared to unilateral ECT. Therefore, if memory loss is a significant concern, unilateral ECT may be the preferred option. However, bilateral ECT may be more effective in treating severe depression. Other factors such as age, family history of mental illness, and white cell blood count may also be taken into consideration, but they are not the major determining factors for choosing the type of ECT.

Question 13

What is the meaning of the term "interpretation" from psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

In psychoanalysis, interpretation refers to the therapist's communication of insights and meaning to the patient, with the goal of helping them gain a deeper understanding of their unconscious thoughts, emotions, and motivations. These interpretations are usually based on patterns observed in the patient's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, as well as on the therapist's knowledge of psychoanalytic theory and their own observations of the patient's behavior throughout the course of therapy. The goal of interpretation is to help the patient uncover previously hidden or repressed aspects of their psyche, which can lead to greater self-awareness, insight, and emotional healing.

Question 14

Free association refers to

Accepted Answer

Free association is a psychoanalytic technique where a person is encouraged to talk or express whatever thoughts or images come to mind, without censorship or editing. This technique aims to uncover unconscious thoughts or feelings that may be influencing the person's behavior or emotions. It is commonly used in psychotherapy and is associated with the work of Sigmund Freud.

Question 15

Joseph Breuer's method of catharsis provided relief for psychological symptoms by helping patients to

Accepted Answer

Breuer's method of catharsis involved patients revisiting traumatic experiences and expressing their previously unexpressed emotions and feelings associated with those experiences. This process provided relief for psychological symptoms, especially those associated with hysteria.

Question 16

Current evidence on the effects of psychotropic medications indicate that they

Accepted Answer

Current evidence suggests that psychotropic medications offer symptom relief but not a cure for most mental disorders. While they can be effective in managing symptoms, they do not treat the underlying causes of the disorders and can have significant side effects. It is important to note that the effectiveness of these medications can vary depending on the individual and the specific disorder being treated.

Question 17

When you walk into your next class you see the term "psychotropic medications" written on the blackboard.You never know when such information might come in handy,so you look it up and find that it refers to

Accepted Answer

Psychotropic medications refer to chemical substances that affect our psychological state. They are often used to treat mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

Question 18

Compared to its use in the middle of the last century,today electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is

Accepted Answer

ECT is used far less frequently today compared to its use in the middle of the last century. This is due to the development of alternative treatments for many of the disorders previously treated with ECT, as well as concerns about its potential side effects. While ECT may still be used in select cases, it is not widely used as it once was.

Question 19

Ted wants to learn about the effects of the drug Prozac.Under what category of medications would he find the drug listed?

Accepted Answer

Prozac is an antidepressant medication, used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and other related mental health conditions.

Question 20

What is the major effect of antipsychotic medications given to people who do not suffer from schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic medications can sedate individuals, leading to prolonged periods of sleep or grogginess, especially in those who do not have conditions like schizophrenia for which these drugs are prescribed.

Quiz 3: Treatment of Psychological Disorders