Question 1

1-64.Dr.Katz is researching the causes of all phobias.He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for only people who have an intense,distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study.The major problem with this is

Accepted Answer

he is not getting a representative sample.

Question 2

1-69.In what significant ways do correlational research designs differ from experimental research designs?

Accepted Answer

There is no manipulation of variables in correlational research.

Question 3

1-74.Researchers have observed that women who wear bras for more than 16 hours a day are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who spend less time in a bra.In other words,there is a correlation between wearing a bra and breast cancer.Based on this finding,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Some additional variable may serve to explain the relationship observed
between wearing a bra and developing cancer.

Question 4

1-72.Why are correlational research designs often used in abnormal psychology?

Accepted Answer

It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables
involved in abnormal psychology.

Question 5

1-66.A researcher interested in the health problems of people with schizophrenia interviews only those people diagnosed with the disorder who are in an inpatient facility.The most glaring weakness in this study is

Accepted Answer

nonrepresentative sampling.

Question 6

1-77.Individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems.This would suggest that

Accepted Answer

although there is an association,no cause-effect relationship can be concluded.

Question 7

1-70.To determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general,and not just of people with mental disorders,it is important to use

Accepted Answer

a control group.

Question 8

1-62.Ideally,a sample is described as what?

Accepted Answer

Representative

Question 9

1-75.Which of the following may be safely inferred when a significant negative correlation is found between variables x and y?

Accepted Answer

as x increases,y decreases

Question 10

1-67.In Dr.Lu's study of eating disorders,she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problems.In this example,the girls with eating disorders are the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

criterion

Question 11

1-71.What is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders?

Accepted Answer

A group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except that they eat
normally.

Question 12

1-68.In Dr.Lu's study of eating disorders,she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problems.In this example,the girls without eating disorders are the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

control

Question 13

1-65.Why would a researcher want to ensure that every person in the larger group of study has an equal chance of being included in the sample?

Accepted Answer

It increases the researcher's ability to generalize findings to the larger group.

Question 14

1-80.A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y.Which of the following may be safely inferred?

Accepted Answer

as x increases,y increases

Question 15

1-63.Why is a representative sample desirable?

Accepted Answer

The more representative a sample is,the more generalizable the data.

Question 16

1-78.Dr.Francis has discovered that the more spaghetti people eat,the less likely they are to be diagnosed with depression.Based on this finding,what statement can be made about the relationship between spaghetti and depression?

Accepted Answer

There is a negative correlation between spaghetti eating and depression.

Question 17

1-81.What does the notation p < .05 next to a correlation mean?

Accepted Answer

The probability that a correlation would occur purely by chance is less than 5 out of 100

Question 18

1-79.It has been demonstrated that those who were prenatally exposed to the influenza virus are more likely to develop schizophrenia.In other words,prenatal exposure to the influenza virus is ________ correlated with developing schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

positively

Question 19

1-76.Dr.Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol when they were young adolescents.Knowing this strong association we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

there is an association among the variables,but no causal inferences should be drawn.

Question 20

1-73.What is the most important limitation of correlational studies?

Accepted Answer

They cannot determine cause and effect.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Psychology: an Overview