Question 1

Data representing behavior that does not trigger an alarm cannot serve
as input to intrusion detection analysis.

Accepted Answer

Data representing normal behavior is essential for intrusion detection analysis as it helps in establishing a baseline of normal activity, against which potentially malicious activities can be detected.

Question 2

The ________ is a module that transmits the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector.
A)audit dispatcher
B)audit analyzer
C)audit trail collector
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The audit dispatcher is responsible for transmitting the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector. The audit analyzer is responsible for analyzing and interpreting the audit data, while the audit trail collector is responsible for storing and managing the audit trail records. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 3

The ________ is a module on a centralized system that collects audit trail records from other systems and creates a combined audit trail.
A)audit dispatcher
B)audit analyzer
C)audit trail collector
D)audit provider

Accepted Answer

The audit trail collector is the module responsible for gathering audit trail records from various systems to create a combined audit trail, ensuring centralized monitoring and analysis.

Question 4

A _______ is conducted to determine the adequacy of system controls,ensure compliance with established security policy and procedures,detect breaches in security services,and recommend any changes that are indicated for countermeasures.
A)security audit trail
B)security audit
C)user-level audit
D)system-level audit trail

Accepted Answer

A security audit is specifically conducted to determine the adequacy of system controls, ensure compliance with established security policy and procedures, detect breaches in security services, and recommend any changes that are indicated for countermeasures. The other options listed are not specific to security audits or do not fully encompass the purpose of a security audit.

Question 5

Means are needed to generate and record a security audit trail and to
review and analyze the audit trail to discover and investigate attacks and security compromises.

Accepted Answer

It is important to have means to generate and record a security audit trail and to review and analyze it in order to detect and investigate security breaches and attacks. This helps to identify areas of weakness in the system and to take corrective action to prevent future compromises.

Question 6

Although important,security auditing is not a key element in computer
security.

Accepted Answer

Security auditing is an essential part of computer security as it helps to identify vulnerabilities and address them before they can be exploited by attackers.

Question 7

Audit trails are different from audit logs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Audit trails are different from audit logs....

Question 8

Protection of the audit trail involves both integrity and confidentiality.

Accepted Answer

Protection of the audit trail requires both maintaining the integrity of the information recorded in the trail and ensuring that the trail is only accessible by authorized individuals, which involves confidentiality.

Question 9

Event and audit trail analysis software,tools,and interfaces may be
used to analyze collected data as well as for investigating data trends and anomalies.

Accepted Answer

Event and audit trail analysis software, tools, and interfaces are specifically designed to analyze collected data, investigate trends and anomalies, and provide insights into the actions and behavior of users in a system. Therefore, it is true that these tools can be used for data analysis and investigation purposes.

Question 10

The foundation of a security auditing facility is the initial capture of
the audit data.

Accepted Answer

The foundation of a security auditing facility is indeed the initial capture of the audit data. This data serves as the basis for analyzing and assessing the security of a system or network. Without accurate and comprehensive audit data, it is difficult to identify vulnerabilities or potential threats.

Question 11

Thresholding is a form of baseline analysis.

Accepted Answer

Thresholding is a process that involves setting a threshold value for a numerical parameter, such as pixel intensity, and then classifying the data into two categories based on whether the parameter value is above or below the threshold value. This process is commonly used in image processing to binarize an image or segment regions of interest. Thresholding can be considered a form of baseline analysis because it establishes a baseline or reference point for identifying meaningful variations or deviations in the data.

Question 12

The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports....

Question 13

The basic audit objective is to establish accountability for system
entities that initiate or participate in security-relevant events and actions.

Accepted Answer

The basic audit objective is to establish accountability, which involves identifying and tracking system entities that are responsible for security-relevant events and actions. This is important for ensuring that any unauthorized or suspicious activity can be traced back to its source, and for holding individuals or organizations accountable for their actions.

Question 14

The _________ is logic embedded into the software of the system that monitors system activity and detects security-related events that it has been configured to detect.
A)event discriminator
B)audit analyzer
C)archive
D)alarm processor

Accepted Answer

The event discriminator is the component within a system's software that is responsible for monitoring system activity and identifying security-related events based on its configuration. This function is crucial for the early detection of potential security breaches or policy violations.

Question 15

Security auditing can:
A)provide data that can be used to define anomalous behavior
B)maintain a record useful in computer forensics
C)generate data that can be used in after-the-fact analysis of an attack
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Security auditing can provide data that can be used to define anomalous behavior, maintain a record useful in computer forensics, and generate data that can be used in after-the-fact analysis of an attack. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Applications,especially applications with a certain level of privilege,
present security problems that may not be captured by system-level or user-level auditing data.

Accepted Answer

Applications with higher privileges have access to sensitive data and system resources, which may not be recorded by system-level or user-level auditing data. Thus, they present security problems that require specialized auditing techniques.

Question 17

All UNIX implementations will have the same variants of the syslog
facility.

Accepted Answer

While syslog is a common facility in UNIX systems, the implementation can vary between different versions and distributions.

Question 18

The first order of business in security audit trail design is the selection
of data items to capture.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The selection of data items to capture is the first step in designing a security audit trail. This involves determining which events or actions should be logged in order to monitor and track system activity.

Question 19

According to ISO 27002,the person(s)carrying out the audit should be
independent of the activities audited.

Accepted Answer

ISO 27002 states that an independent person, who is not directly involved in the activities being audited, should carry out the audit to ensure objectivity, impartiality, and maintain integrity.

Question 20

The security administrator must define the set of events that are
subject to audit.

Accepted Answer

The security administrator is responsible for defining the set of events that are subject to audit as a part of the audit policy.

Quiz 18: Security Auditing

Data representing behavior that does not trigger an alarm cannot serve as input to intrusion detection analysis.

The ________ is a module that transmits the audit trail records from its local system to the centralized audit trail collector.

The ________ is a module on a centralized system that collects audit trail records from other systems and creates a combined audit trail.

A _______ is conducted to determine the adequacy of system controls,ensure compliance with established security policy and procedures,detect breaches in security services,and recommend any changes that are indicated for countermeasures.

Means are needed to generate and record a security audit trail and to review and analyze the audit trail to discover and investigate attacks and security compromises.

Although important,security auditing is not a key element in computer security.

Audit trails are different from audit logs.

Protection of the audit trail involves both integrity and confidentiality.

Event and audit trail analysis software,tools,and interfaces may be used to analyze collected data as well as for investigating data trends and anomalies.

The foundation of a security auditing facility is the initial capture of the audit data.

Thresholding is a form of baseline analysis.

The audit analyzer prepares human-readable security reports.

The basic audit objective is to establish accountability for system entities that initiate or participate in security-relevant events and actions.

The _________ is logic embedded into the software of the system that monitors system activity and detects security-related events that it has been configured to detect.

Security auditing can:

Applications,especially applications with a certain level of privilege, present security problems that may not be captured by system-level or user-level auditing data.

All UNIX implementations will have the same variants of the syslog facility.

The first order of business in security audit trail design is the selection of data items to capture.

According to ISO 27002,the person(s)carrying out the audit should be independent of the activities audited.

The security administrator must define the set of events that are subject to audit.