Question 1

The process of _______ accounts for the replication of most types of cells,so nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote.

Accepted Answer

The process of mitosis is responsible for the replication of most types of cells in the body. This process divides one cell into two identical daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. As a result, nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized type of cell division that occurs only in the reproductive cells and results in half the number of chromosomes. Reproduction, while important, does not necessarily result in the replication of most types of cells in the body.

Question 2

Jason and Justin are twins and are genetically identical.They are ________ twins.

Accepted Answer

Jason and Justin are genetically identical twins, which means they developed from a single fertilized egg that split into two embryos during early development. This type of twinning is known as monozygotic. Gamete twins come from two separate eggs and two separate sperms, while dizygotic twins come from two separate eggs that are each fertilized by a different sperm. Zygote twins are not a recognized type of twin.

Question 3

When gametes are formed in the human body,this is called

Accepted Answer

When gametes are formed in the human body, meiosis occurs. Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells, which are the gametes in animals. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A (division) and option C (mitosis) both refer to other types of cell division that do not involve the formation of gametes. Option D (genetic instruction) is not a term used to describe the process of gamete formation.

Question 4

What is the name of the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs in human cells.

Answer: A, C 
 Genes are segments of chromosomes that contain the instructions for producing specific traits. Therefore, choice A is also a valid answer.

Question 5

What is the name of the new cell formed by the process of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization is the process in which the sperm and ovum (gametes) fuse to form a zygote, which is the name of the new cell. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, zygote. Option A, sperm, is one of the gametes involved in fertilization, but it is not the name of the new cell formed. Option C, ovum, is also a gamete involved in fertilization, but it is not the name of the new cell formed after fertilization. Option D, gamete, refers to either the sperm or the ovum, but it does not specifically refer to the new cell formed by fertilization.

Question 6

Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along ____ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.

Question 7

About an hour or so after the sperm enters the ovum,the two gametes suddenly fuse,becoming one cell called a

Accepted Answer

After the sperm enters the ovum, the two gametes merge to form one cell called a zygote. A zygote is the initial cell that forms after fertilization and has all the genetic information needed to develop into a human being.

Question 8

Any differences in the future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to _________ factors.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. Therefore, they have the same genetic material (A and B are incorrect). Any differences between them in terms of physical, behavioral, or health outcomes can only be attributed to environmental factors, such as differences in nutrition, exposure to toxins, experiences, or chance events during development or throughout life. (D is incorrect because DNA is already included in genetics.)

Question 9

All genes are composed of specific sequences of _______ molecules.

Accepted Answer

Genes are composed of specific sequences of DNA molecules, which encode instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. The other answer choices (zygote, ovum, and sperm) are all related to reproduction and do not directly relate to the composition of genes.

Question 10

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

A gene is the basic unit of heredity and contains the instructions for the development and function of an organism. It is made up of a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait or characteristic. Zygote and gamete are more general terms that describe cells involved in sexual reproduction, while sperm is a specific type of gamete.

Question 11

Twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time are called ________ twins.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins are also known as fraternal twins and result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two separate sperm cells. This leads to two zygotes and two genetic profiles, making them genetically no more alike than any other siblings.

Question 12

The potential for the vast diversity of human beings primarily resides in the nature of the processes that underlie __________ cell division.

Accepted Answer

The vast diversity of human beings primarily resides in the processes underlying gamete cell division, as gametes (sperm and ovum) undergo meiosis, which introduces genetic variation.

Question 13

Name the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of each cell in the body and how it will function.

Accepted Answer

Genes are composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the genetic instructions for the development, function, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. This genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next through the passing of DNA from parent to offspring during sexual reproduction.

Question 14

Twins who are genetically identical are called ________ twins.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are formed from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Question 15

Rod-shaped chromosomes,portions of DNA,are organized in ____ pairs.

Accepted Answer

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set coming from each parent, making a total of 46 chromosomes.

Question 16

The ultimate outcome of meiosis,in combination with other processes,is tens of _______ of genetic combinations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ultimate outcome of meiosis,in combination with...

Question 17

The female reproductive cell is called the

Accepted Answer

The term "ovum" refers specifically to the female reproductive cell, while "gamete" can refer to either a male or female reproductive cell. "Sperm" refers specifically to the male reproductive cell, and "zygote" refers to the cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and ovum.

Question 18

Male and female reproductive cells are also known as

Accepted Answer

Gametes are the male and female reproductive cells. Zygotes are formed when these gametes combine through fertilization. Genes and chromosomes are DNA molecules that determine traits and carry genetic information, but they are not specific to reproductive cells.

Question 19

The blueprints for creating a person are stored and communicated in our

Accepted Answer

The blueprints for creating a person are stored and communicated through genes, which are inherited from our parents and determine our physical and behavioral characteristics. The zygote and ovum are structures involved in the process of fertilization, while gametes are reproductive cells that carry genetic material but do not contain the complete blueprint for creating a person.

Question 20

The male reproductive cell is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

The male reproductive cell is called a sperm.

Quiz 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development