Question 1

Marta smiled for her Mom and said, "See I have 3 teeths!" This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Overregularization is a common language development error in young children where they apply grammar rules too strictly and make errors such as adding -s to the end of "tooth" to make it plural, resulting in "teeths" instead of "teeth".

Question 2

Language skills, such as knowledge of words like "want," "need," "think," or "remember" are related to ____________________ development.

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind is the ability to understand and interpret the mental states and perspectives of oneself and others. Language skills, such as knowing words that describe mental processes, are essential for developing a theory of mind. By using these words, children can begin to talk about and understand their own and others' thoughts, beliefs, desires, and intentions, which is crucial for social and cognitive development. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the first sentences that usually occur when children are around two years of age?

Accepted Answer

They usually include plurals and past tenses.

Question 4

According to Case's neo-Piagetian explanation of children's cognitive development, the key limitation in the cognitive ability of a younger child, compared to an older child, is the younger child's

Accepted Answer

According to Case's neo-Piagetian explanation, the main limitation in the cognitive ability of a younger child is their less operationally efficient short-term storage space, which affects their ability to handle cognitive schemes.

Question 5

When Gregoriev says, "My doggie runned away," he is using

Accepted Answer

overregularization.

Question 6

According to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is not a stage in cognitive development from birth to age 7?

Accepted Answer

conservation stage

Question 7

Malcolm Gladwell contends that one of the reasons that Chinese children have an early advantage in mastering math skills is due to

Accepted Answer

Gladwell argues that Chinese children have an advantage in math due to their language system, which has shorter word lengths for identifying numbers. This allows them to process and remember larger quantities more efficiently than children who speak a language with longer number words.

Question 8

A child's ability to think about or evaluate the quality of her thinking is

Accepted Answer

The ability to think about or evaluate one's own thinking is called metacognition. This involves understanding one's strengths and weaknesses, knowing how to approach a problem or task, and being able to reflect on one's thought processes. It is an important component of critical thinking and can lead to improved learning outcomes. Conservation refers to the understanding that an object or quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance or arrangement. Intelligence is a broad term that encompasses a range of cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, reasoning, and creativity.

Question 9

The best way to help a child increase both receptive and expressive language is to

Accepted Answer

read a story several times to the child.

Question 10

Which of the following best represents the earliest inflection used among children learning English, according to Roger Brown?

Accepted Answer

"Doggie running."

Question 11

If a child is using verb forms or verb tenses (such as "eating" or "ate" from the verb "to eat"), then the child is using

Accepted Answer

Inflections are changes made to a word to indicate tense or number, and using verb forms or tenses shows that the child is using inflections correctly. Holophrases are single words that convey a full thought (like "mama" instead of "I want my mama"), overgeneralization is when a child applies a rule too broadly (like saying "goed" instead of "went"), and appropriate extension is when a child correctly applies a word to a similar object or situation (like calling all vehicles "cars").

Question 12

A child's development of a theory of mind may be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor play focuses on physical actions and learning through motions and does not directly influence a child's development of theory of mind which pertains to understanding emotions, thoughts, beliefs, and intentions of others.

Question 13

Knowledge about how memory works and the ability to control and reflect on one's own memory function is known as

Accepted Answer

The ability to control and reflect on one's own memory function is known as metamemory. Metacognition refers to a broader range of cognitive processes related to thinking about one's own thinking, while conservation is a concept in cognitive development related to understanding that certain physical properties (such as quantity) remain the same even when their appearance changes. Critical thinking is a general term for the ability to analyze and evaluate arguments and evidence. Therefore, the best choice is B, metamemory.

Question 14

Longitudinal studies have indicated that all of the following factors influence language and cognitive development in children EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

culture.

Question 15

The term _____________ is used to describe when children categorically link new words to the real objects and events that the words refer to.

Accepted Answer

Fast-mapping is the term used to describe when children categorically link new words to the real objects and events that the words refer to. "Inferring" refers to drawing conclusions based on evidence or reasoning. "Language explosion" refers to the sudden increase in a child's vocabulary and language abilities. "Inflections" refer to changes made to words to indicate tense, case, gender, etc.

Question 16

A ________ is a set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to a child's ability to understand and attribute mental states (thoughts, beliefs, feelings) to oneself and others, enabling them to make predictions about other people’s behavior. It is a set of ideas that often develops during the preschool years. Metamemory refers to our knowledge and awareness of our own memory processes, while metacognition refers to our knowledge and awareness of our own thinking processes. Perspective refers to one's point of view or interpretation of a situation.

Question 17

According to Vygotsky, a 3-year-old child who uses language as a guide to solving problems, such as saying "Put it there" to himself as he builds a tower of blocks, is using

Accepted Answer

egocentric speech.

Question 18

The term ________ is used to describe a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to her language.

Accepted Answer

Phonological awareness refers to a child's ability to identify and manipulate the sound units (or phonemes) that make up words in their language. This skill is important for developing reading and writing abilities.

Question 19

Concordia studies suggest that young children have the capacity and interest to understand math concepts and numbers. All of the following activities are good ways for parents to incorporate math concepts into everyday life EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

including the child in budget discussions and banking transactions regarding the family's finances

Question 20

Approximately 66% of children score ________ on current IQ tests.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 66% of children score between 85 and 115 on IQ tests, which is within one standard deviation of the mean IQ score of 100.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood