Question 1

Drug abusers take drug doses which are well beyond the LD-response curve amounts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug abusers take drug doses which are...

Question 2

The concept of physical dependence originates from observations of heroin abusers.

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence on drugs was first described in relation to heroin addiction, as individuals who abruptly discontinued use experienced severe withdrawal symptoms.

Question 3

DAWN statistics are collected for ED visits involving alcohol use alone by individuals twenty-one and older.

Accepted Answer

DAWN (Drug Abuse Warning Network) statistics for ED (Emergency Department) visits involving alcohol use alone are collected only for individuals under the age of 21. For those 21 and older, alcohol must be in combination with other drugs to be included in DAWN statistics.

Question 4

Injecting heroin followed by snorting heroin is an example of polydrug use.

Accepted Answer

Polydrug use refers to the use of more than one drug or type of drug simultaneously or sequentially. Injecting and snorting heroin involves only one type of drug, heroin, and thus does not constitute polydrug use.

Question 5

Behavioral tolerance is based on Pavlovian conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral tolerance refers to the ability of an individual to appear sober and perform normally despite consuming large amounts of alcohol or drugs. This tolerance is based on Pavlovian conditioning, where the body gets used to the effects of the substance and learns to regulate its response. This conditioning results in a reduced sensitivity to the substance's effects, leading to the individual needing more of it to achieve the desired effect.

Question 6

The existence of physical dependence in a particular drug hinges upon the presence of physical withdrawal syndromes,should the individual stop taking the drug.

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence is defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when a drug is discontinued. If withdrawal symptoms do not occur, a person is not considered physically dependent on the drug.

Question 7

According to recent DAWN statistics,there has been a greater number of drug-related ED for visits prescription and OTC medications alone than with illicit drugs alone.Narcotic analgesics are on the rise.

Accepted Answer

According to recent DAWN (Drug Abuse Warning Network) statistics, there has been a higher number of emergency department visits related to prescription and over-the-counter medications than illicit drugs alone. Narcotic analgesics (painkillers) have also been on the rise as a cause of these ED visits.

Question 8

There are more fatalities from chronic smoking of tobacco than from illicit drug use.

Accepted Answer

According to statistics from the World Health Organization, tobacco use is responsible for over 8 million deaths each year, while illicit drug use results in approximately 200,000 deaths. Therefore, chronic smoking of tobacco is responsible for more fatalities than illicit drug use.

Question 9

In the DAWN reports,cocaine,heroin,and alcohol-in-combination cases are almost always lethal.

Accepted Answer

While the DAWN reports do show that deaths involving cocaine, heroin, and alcohol are particularly dangerous, they are not always lethal. There have been cases where individuals have survived these combinations of substances, although the risk of overdose and death is significantly higher when they are combined.

Question 10

A patient mentions drinking eight glasses of vodka and gin during a drug-related ED visit.This is an example of an alcohol-in-combination DAWN case.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient mentions drinking eight glasses of...

Question 11

Polydrug use refers to the use of a drug at different dosage levels from administration to administration.

Accepted Answer

Polydrug use refers to the concurrent use of multiple drugs. Changing dosage levels of a single drug would not fit under this definition.

Question 12

If an individual experiences drug tolerance,an increasing dose must be taken over time in order to maintain the same level of drug effect.

Accepted Answer

Drug tolerance occurs when the body adapts to a drug over time, resulting in a decrease in its effectiveness. In order to achieve the same level of drug effect, an individual may need to increase their dosage, leading to potentially harmful side effects and increased risk of overdose.

Question 13

Multiple substance use is another name for polydrug use.

Accepted Answer

Multiple substance use and polydrug use are interchangeable terms that refer to the use of more than one drug at the same time or within a short period.

Question 14

Tolerance is maximized when the user always takes the drug in the same setting.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance can develop differently in different settings, so consistently using the drug in the same setting can help maximize tolerance. This is known as “contextual tolerance”.

Question 15

Withdrawal symptoms involve symptoms generally opposite from the original effect of the drug.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms often involve symptoms that are opposite from the original effect of the drug. For example, withdrawal from a depressant drug like alcohol can result in agitation and anxiety, while withdrawal from a stimulant drug like cocaine can result in fatigue and depression.

Question 16

Men outnumber women two-to-one in terms of ED visits involving illicit drug use.

Accepted Answer

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, in 2017, approximately 67% of ED visits involving illicit drug use were made by men, while only about 33% were made by women, which is a two-to-one ratio.

Question 17

Withdrawal symptoms are the approximately the same for every psychoactive drug.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms vary depending on the specific psychoactive drug and the individual's biological and psychological factors. Some drugs may cause more severe withdrawal symptoms than others.

Question 18

Drug tolerance is to setting as behavioral tolerance is to repetition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug tolerance is to setting as behavioral...

Question 19

In most cases,the dosage levels taken by drug abusers would be lethal if taken by a first-time user.

Accepted Answer

Drug abusers develop a tolerance to the drugs they use, which means they require higher doses to achieve the same effect. A first-time user taking the same dosage as an abuser could experience a potentially lethal overdose.

Question 20

Continuing drug-taking behavior in order to avoid withdrawal is one indication of physical dependence.

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a drug and requires it to function normally. Withdrawal symptoms can occur when the drug is discontinued, and individuals may continue to take the drug to avoid these symptoms, indicating physical dependence.

Quiz 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: the Personal and Social Concerns