An Article in a Magazine Examined the Graduate Admissions Process

An article in a magazine examined the graduate admissions process at a university for evidence of gender bias.The table below shows the number of applicants accepted to each of four graduate programs. $\begin{array}{|c|cc|}&\text { Students Accepted }\\\hline program& \begin{array}{c}\text { Males accepted } \\\text { (of applicants) }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Females accepted } \\\text { (of applicants) }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 431 \text { of } 692 & 77 \text { of } 93 \\2 & 268 \text { of } 414 & 27 \text { of } 36 \\3 & 130 \text { of } 375 & 124 \text { of } 341 \\4 & 14 \text { of } 233 & 17 \text { of } 205 \\\hline \text { Total } & 843 \text { of } 1714 & 245 \text { of } 675 \\\hline\end{array}$ After reading this article,a classmate claims that there is gender bias because the university clearly accepted more males than females.Do you agree with your classmate? Explain.

A) Yes.Overall,49.2% of males were accepted,compared to 36.3% of females were accepted.The overall percentages are always the most valid comparison.
B) No.Overall,49.2% of males were accepted,compared to 36.3% of females were accepted.However,the comparison of the acceptance rate within each program shows that females had a higher acceptance rate for all four programs.
C) Yes.Overall,49.2% of males were accepted,compared to 36.3% of females were accepted.Additionally,the comparison of the acceptance rate within each program shows that males had a higher acceptance rate for all four programs.
D) No.Overall,49.2% of females were accepted,compared to 36.3% of males were accepted.Additionally,the comparison of the acceptance rate within each program shows that females had a higher acceptance rate for all four programs.
E) No.This is an example of Simpson's paradox and unfair averaging.Since the overall percentages and the individual percentages disagree on which gender was favored,the study is useless.Nothing can be determined from these data.