Question 1

How was Japan affected by the reform program that followed the Meiji restoration?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
•The new regime attacked the power and privileges of both the daimyo and the samurai, replacing the daimyo domains with a system of prefectures, whose appointed governors were responsible to the central government.
•The old Confucian-based social order was effectively dismantled through the abolition of class restrictions on occupation, residence, marriage, and clothing.
•Limitations on travel and trade were removed.
•The study of the science and technology of the West and of its various political and constitutional arrangements; legal and educational systems; and dances, clothing, hairstyles, and literature was encouraged.
•Eventually, Japan began to borrow selectively from Western ideas and to combine foreign and Japanese elements in distinctive ways.
•A state-guided industrialization program took shape.

Question 2

What did Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War mean for Japan, Russia, Western powers, and colonial subjects around the world?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
•For Japan, it meant parity with Western powers and confirmed its role as the liberator of Asia.
•For Russia, it was a humiliating defeat and sparked the 1905 revolution.
•For Western powers, it led them to recognize Japan as an economic, political, and military competitor in Asia.
•For colonial subjects, Japan inspired them to fight against imperialism because many looked to Japan for models for their own modernization.

Question 3

How was the Taiping Uprising different from other peasant rebellions in China?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The opium trade in the nineteenth century was significant because it reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain. Before the opium trade, Britain had a trade deficit with China, as it imported more from China (mainly tea, silk, and porcelain) than it exported to it. By selling opium to China, Britain was able to reverse this imbalance, as the sale of opium brought a significant flow of silver from China to Britain.

Question 5

What did the unequal treaties imposed on China and Japan by Western powers have in common with the capitulations between the Ottoman Empire and European states?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the unequal treaties imposed on...

Question 6

What effect did nationalism have on China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What effect did nationalism have on China,...

Question 7

In Source 19.4 in the textbook, the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen urged fellow Chinese that "we must try to improve the economic structures of society so as to preclude a social revolution in the future." How did he propose to do this?

Accepted Answer

Sun Yat-sen proposed to improve the economic structures of society through the process of land valuation.

Question 8

Which of the following was a consequence of the Taiping Uprising?

Accepted Answer

The Taiping Uprising (1850-1864) significantly weakened the Qing dynasty, but it did not lead to its immediate collapse. Instead, one of the notable consequences was the empowerment of local and provincial leaders. As the central Qing government struggled to suppress the rebellion, it increasingly relied on regional armies and the gentry to maintain order and contribute resources. This shift allowed the provincial gentry to consolidate their power, often at the expense of the central state, leading to a more decentralized political structure in the latter years of the Qing dynasty.

Question 9

In the nineteenth century, how did China's confrontation with Britain compare to Japan's confrontation with the United States?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the nineteenth century, how did China's...

Question 10

In light of what was happening to China as depicted in Map 19.1 in the textbook, which of the following phrases was used by many Chinese to describe their country during the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Map 19.1 shows the various spheres of influence of foreign powers in China during the nineteenth century, indicating that China was being "carved up like a melon" by these powers. The phrase "Heavenly kingdom of great peace" was actually used by a Chinese secret society, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, during a rebellion in the mid-nineteenth century. "Revolution from above" is a term used to describe the communist revolution led by Mao Zedong in 1949, which occurred much later than the events depicted in Map 19.1. "The Middle Kingdom" is a traditional Chinese term for their country, but does not specifically reflect the situation presented in the map.

Question 11

How were women's lives affected by the upheavals of the nineteenth century in China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How were women's lives affected by the...

Question 12

Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s to address the problems facing China?

Accepted Answer

The policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s aimed to modernize China by selectively borrowing from the West to reinvigorate the country. These policies were known as the Self-Strengthening Movement and aimed to restore China's power and prestige by adopting modern technology and military tactics, while preserving traditional Chinese culture and values. The goal was not to redistribute land or restore free trade and diplomatic relations with European states, nor was it to encourage the growth of an independent capitalist class.

Question 13

Which of the following statements in Source 19.3 in the textbook reflects the Chinese female revolutionary Qiu Jin's argument for a greater role for women in public life?

Accepted Answer

In Source 19.3, Qiu Jin argues for a greater role for women in public life through her statement, "All of you are aware that we are about to lose our country. Men can scarcely protect themselves. How can we rely on them? We must revitalize ourselves." She is calling on women to take on a more active role, suggesting that men alone cannot save the country and that women need to step up and participate in rebuilding their society. The other statements focus on the mistreatment of women, the responsibility of women, and the value of women, but they do not specifically address Qiu Jin's argument for a greater role for women in public life.

Question 14

In what ways did the reforms implemented in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century transform the Ottoman Empire from an Islamic to a secular state?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways did the reforms implemented...

Question 15

How did the changes already underway in the Tokugawa era provide a foundation for Japan's industrialization in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did the changes already underway in...

Question 16

How did opium affect China in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did opium affect China in the...

Question 17

Which of the following reflects a policy proposed during the Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 (Source 19.2)?

Accepted Answer

The policy proposed during the Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 was to establish elementary and high schools, colleges and universities, in accordance with those of foreign countries. This is reflected in choice C. The other choices are not related to this particular policy. Choice A suggests using poetry, rhyme-prose, and fine script as criteria for passing exams, which is not related to establishing schools. Choice B suggests creating an independent branch for civil service examinations, which is also not related to establishing schools. Choice D suggests creating a constitutional democratic political system, which is a broader political reform rather than a policy specific to education.

Question 18

In his 1898 memorial to the Chinese emperor in Source 19.1 in the textbook, where does Kang Youwei suggest China look for models for its own reforms?

Accepted Answer

Kang Youwei suggests that China should look to Japan and the United States as models for its own reforms. He praises Japan for its modernization efforts and adoption of Western technology and institutions, while also admiring the United States for its democratic government and focus on individual rights.

Question 19

In what ways were the political situations in China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the early twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways were the political situations...

Question 20

What does the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen identify in Source 19.4 in the textbook as "the root of nationalism" for China?

Accepted Answer

Sun Yat-sen identifies ethnic identity as Han Chinese as "the root of nationalism" for China in Source 19.4.

Quiz 19: Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire,and Japan, 1800-1914