Question 1

Seeing a snake, experiencing increased heart rate and rapid breathing, and then becoming frightened is the sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion, meaning the increased heart rate and rapid breathing occur before the feeling of fear.

Question 2

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the role of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion emphasizes the role of the thalamus in the processing and interpretation of sensory information, which triggers both the subjective experience and the physiological responses of emotion. According to this theory, emotional experience and physiological responses occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other as in the James-Lange theory. The Plutchik and Schachter-Singer theories do not specifically emphasize the role of the thalamus in emotion.

Question 3

The ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that emotional experiences and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently.

Question 4

The idea that bodily arousal and the experience of emotion arise in tandem forms the essence of ________.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously and independently, rather than one causing the other.

Question 5

Which is an example of facial feedback hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence our emotions. The example given in option C - making yourself smile and then feeling a more positive mood - is a clear indication of this phenomenon.

Question 6

One of the problems associated with asthma is that once patients experience difficulty breathing, they often make their symptoms worse by concentrating on them and/or worrying about them. Consequently, many doctors include relaxation exercises as part of a treatment program to prevent patients from making their asthmatic reactions worse. This example of how our awareness of physiological changes can influence or even cause subsequent emotions is most supportive of which of the following theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The example given suggests that bodily changes (difficulty breathing) lead to subsequent emotions (anxiety or worry). This is in line with the James-Lange theory of emotion, which proposes that emotions are a result of physiological changes in the body.

Question 7

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next?

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the physiological response and the emotional experience happen simultaneously and independently, meaning that the sight of the bear causes both the physiological changes and the feeling of fear at the same time. Therefore, the best choice is option C: "You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously."

Question 8

"I think I'm afraid; therefore, I am afraid." Name the theory of emotion that this statement characterizes.

Accepted Answer

The statement characterizes the cognitive arousal theory, which suggests that emotions are the result of the interaction between physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

Question 9

Which is the BEST explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, rather than one being the cause of the other. In other words, when something triggers an emotional response, physiological changes and emotional experience happen at the same time.

Question 10

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that ________.

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. Therefore, if Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is likely that his positive feelings will increase as a result of his facial expression.

Question 11

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that the experience of emotion happens simultaneously with physiological changes, rather than one causing or being a result of the other. Therefore, the correct sequence of events according to this theory is stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous). Choice D is the only option that includes this simultaneous experience of emotion and physiological changes.

Question 12

Seeing a snake, and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially.

Question 13

The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Facial feedback is the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. This feedback can influence the intensity and duration of emotions, as well as our overall emotional experiences.

Question 14

Which of the recent studies that follow casts doubt on the facial feedback hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

This study suggests that even if facial expressions cannot be produced due to paralysis, emotional responses can still occur, casting doubt on the idea that facial expressions alone are necessary for emotional experiences as proposed by the facial feedback hypothesis.

Question 15

The frequent finding that asthmatics often experience shortness of breath concurrently with tremendous anxiety is an example of how emotions and physiological symptoms often occur simultaneously. As such, it supports which of the following theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Cannon-Bard's theory of emotion states that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently of each other. This is in line with the example given of asthmatics experiencing shortness of breath and anxiety at the same time. In contrast, James-Lange theory proposes that physiological responses precede emotional experiences, while Schachter and Singer's theory emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Plutchik's theory of emotion, on the other hand, describes eight basic emotions and how they interact with each other.

Question 16

Facial feedback is defined as ________.

Accepted Answer

Facial feedback is the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the emotion being expressed.

Question 17

Lashley (1938) stated that the thalamus would have to be pretty sophisticated to make sense of all the possible emotions and relay them to the proper areas of the cortex and body. Which theory of emotion was Lashley criticizing?

Accepted Answer

Lashley was criticizing the Cannon-Bard theory, which posits that the thalamus plays a central role in processing emotions and simultaneously relays information to the cortex and the body.

Question 18

Which statement reflects the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis proposes that facial muscles provide feedback to the brain that intensifies emotional experiences. This means that our facial expressions are not just a reflection of how we feel, but they also influence how we feel by amplifying emotions. Option A is incorrect as it is a factual inaccuracy. Option B is incorrect as it is the opposite of the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis. Option D is incorrect as it describes the phenomenon of emotional contagion, which is different from the facial feedback hypothesis.

Question 19

Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological changes and the cognitive labeling of the reason for the physical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive arousal theory, also known as the Schachter-Singer theory, posits that emotion is the result of physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal.

Question 20

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when José complies with instructions to look angry, it is most likely that ________.

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis predicts that mimicking an emotion with facial expressions can actually intensify that emotion. Therefore, if José complies with instructions to look angry, his positive feelings are likely to decrease rather than increase. Option A and B are unlikely as facial feedback hypothesis does not predict amusement or pleasure associated with simulating anger. Option D is not relevant to the facial feedback hypothesis.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion