Question 1

Flashbulb memories ________.
A) are not subject to periodic revision
B) concern events that are highly significant
C) are almost always highly accurate
D) include a memory's main subject, but not the background events

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories concern events that are highly significant, such as traumatic events or significant personal experiences.

Question 2

Scott remembers all of the details of his wedding seven years ago. This information is most likely stored in ________ memory.
A) iconic
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) short-term

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is responsible for the storage of personal experiences or events, such as Scott's wedding.

Question 3

Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to work yesterday or what you ate for breakfast this morning are stored in ________.
A) procedural memory
B) semantic memory
C) episodic memory
D) eidetic memory

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall specific events and personal experiences, including details such as what you wore or ate. Procedural memory is related to motor skills and habits, while semantic memory is focused on general knowledge and facts. Eidetic memory, or photographic memory, is a rare ability to vividly recall visual images.

Question 4

Information that was either unintentionally committed to or unintentionally retried from memory is known as ________.
A) eidetic memory
B) procedural memory
C) implicit memory
D) explicit memory

Accepted Answer

Information that was unintentionally retrieved from memory is known as implicit memory. This includes memories that are not consciously recalled but can influence behavior and thoughts. Information that is intentionally recalled is known as explicit memory. Eidetic memory is a rare ability to recall images with vividness and detail, while procedural memory is the memory of how to perform certain tasks or skills.

Question 5

Semantic memory is organized ________.
A) in chunks
B) sequentially and chronologically
C) hierarchically
D) chronologically

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is organized hierarchically, with general categories at the top and specific exemplars of those categories at the bottom. This allows for efficient retrieval of information by grouping related concepts together.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
A) events
B) concepts
C) time
D) place

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our general knowledge and understanding about the world, including concepts such as language, numbers, and categories of objects. Events, time, and place are more specific types of memory (e.g. episodic and spatial) that fall under the umbrella of declarative memory.

Question 7

Connie lost her keys. She searches her memory for when she last had them, and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them. Connie is ________ activating her ________.
A) unconsciously; semantic memory
B) conscious; semantic memory
C) unconsciously; episodic memory
D) consciously; episodic memory

Accepted Answer

Connie is consciously activating her episodic memory, which is responsible for remembering specific events and experiences.

Question 8

"Iconic" and "echoic" are to sensory memory as "episodic," "semantic," and "procedural" are to ________ memory.
A) long-term
B) short-term
C) procedural
D) semantic

Accepted Answer

"Episodic," "semantic," and "procedural" are all types of long-term memory. Sensory memory is distinct from short-term and long-term memory systems.

Question 9

What theory of forgetting attributes it to the mere passage of time?
A) decay
B) proactive interference
C) repression
D) retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

The decay theory of forgetting proposes that memories fade or weaken over time due to disuse and the passage of time. This theory suggests that the more time that passes since the encoding of a memory, the more likely it is to be forgotten or become less accessible.

Question 10

"Use it or lose it" would most likely be associated with ________.
A) trace decay theory
B) proactive inhibition
C) retroactive inhibition
D) interference

Accepted Answer

"Use it or lose it" relates to trace decay theory, which suggests that memories fade over time due to lack of use or rehearsal. This means that if we do not access or use a memory, it becomes increasingly difficult to retrieve over time. Therefore, we need to constantly use and practice our memory to prevent it from fading away.

Question 11

Deciding what information to store and how to represent it is known as:
A) remembering.
B) decoding.
C) encoding.
D) recall.

Accepted Answer

The process of deciding what information to store and how to represent it is known as encoding. Encoding involves converting sensory information into a form that can be stored in memory. Remembering, decoding, and recall are all related to the retrieval of stored information, not the initial encoding process.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?
A) words
B) concepts
C) symbols
D) events

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves recalling specific events or personal experiences. Therefore, the best choice is option D, events. Options A, B, and C are not specific events or experiences but rather refer to abstract concepts or symbols.

Question 13

Flashbulb memories are:
A) eidetic memories.
B) clear and vivid memories of where one was and what one was doing when a special event occurred.
C) photographic memories.
D) visual images that are extremely difficult to describe.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are clear and vivid memories of where one was and what one was doing when a special event occurred. They are not eidetic, photographic, or particularly difficult to describe.

Question 14

Flashbulb memories ________.
A) are not subject to periodic revision
B) usually concern events that are emotionally charged
C) are almost always highly accurate
D) usually concern events from early childhood

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories usually concern events that are emotionally charged, such as the 9/11 attacks or the Kennedy assassination. However, their accuracy is not always guaranteed and they are subject to potential revision over time. Flashbulb memories are not limited to early childhood events.

Question 15

Long-term memory is sometimes unreliable because of ________ of information.
A) reconstruction
B) retention
C) coding
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is subject to reconstruction, which means that memories can be altered or revised over time, potentially leading to inaccuracies. Retention refers to the ability to keep information in memory, while coding and chunking refer to the ways in which information is organized and stored in memory, and do not necessarily affect the reliability of long-term memory.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of long-term memory?
A) identifying a perfume as that worn by your grandmother 20 years ago
B) repeating an address after it was told to you
C) repeating a poem learned in nursery school
D) remembering how to ride a bike

Accepted Answer

Repeating an address after it was told to you is an example of short-term memory, as it involves holding information in your memory for a brief period of time. The other options all involve long-term memory, which is the ability to retain information over a longer period of time, from days to years.

Question 17

Korsakoff's syndrome is due to:
A) insufficient dopamine.
B) excessive dopamine.
C) insufficient thiamine.
D) excessive thiamine.

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff's syndrome is a memory disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1).

Question 18

Retrieval cues ________.
A) are important in helping us remember items stored in long-term memory
B) are aids in rote rehearsal in short-term memory
C) can be helpful in both long and short-term memory
D) have been recently shown to be inefficient in accessing available information in memory

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cues are important in helping us remember items stored in long-term memory by serving as a trigger to access specific information that has been encoded and stored. This process is known as retrieval. Retrieval cues can be words, phrases, pictures, or even smells that are associated with the memory being retrieved. They help us retrieve information more efficiently and accurately.

Question 19

The process of getting information out of memory is known as:
A) retention.
B) retrieval.
C) reconstruction.
D) reliable.

Accepted Answer

The process of getting information out of memory is called retrieval.

Question 20

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________.
A) eidetic images
B) elaborative rehearsals
C) flashbulb memories
D) eyewitness images

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshots' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential news was heard.

Quiz 6: Memory

Flashbulb memories ________.

Scott remembers all of the details of his wedding seven years ago. This information is most likely stored in ________ memory.

Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to work yesterday or what you ate for breakfast this morning are stored in ________.

Information that was either unintentionally committed to or unintentionally retried from memory is known as ________.

Semantic memory is organized ________.

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

Connie lost her keys. She searches her memory for when she last had them, and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them. Connie is activating her .

"Iconic" and "echoic" are to sensory memory as "episodic," "semantic," and "procedural" are to ________ memory.

What theory of forgetting attributes it to the mere passage of time?

"Use it or lose it" would most likely be associated with ________.

Deciding what information to store and how to represent it is known as:

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

Flashbulb memories are:

Flashbulb memories ________.

Long-term memory is sometimes unreliable because of ________ of information.

Which of the following is NOT an example of long-term memory?

Korsakoff's syndrome is due to:

Retrieval cues ________.

The process of getting information out of memory is known as:

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________.