Question 1

Daydreaming in a class and not hearing what the teacher is saying until your name is called is an example of
A) selective attention.
B) selective exposure.
C) perceptual accentuation.
D) halo effect.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the tendency to focus on a particular stimulus while ignoring other stimuli. In this scenario, the student is daydreaming, which means they are not attending to what the teacher is saying. However, when their name is called, their attention shifts to that stimulus, indicating selective attention.

Question 2

All of the following are self-affirmations EXCEPT
A) I'm a worthy person but there's plenty of room for improvement.
B) I'm generally responsible and can be depended upon.
C) My sister is so much smarter than I will ever be.
D) I will do well on this test.

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmations are positive statements that reaffirm one's value and worth. Option C is not a self-affirmation as it is comparing oneself unfavorably to someone else. The other options are self-affirmations as they focus on one's own positive qualities and abilities.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an influence on the self-concept?
A) others' image of you
B) social comparisons
C) your own interpretations and evaluations
D) your genetic make-up

Accepted Answer

Your genetic make-up may influence certain physical characteristics but it is not a direct influence on the formation of one's self-concept. Self-concept is largely shaped by social comparisons, others' perceptions of us, and our own interpretations and evaluations of our experiences.

Question 4

H. Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self says that
A) you compare yourself to persons in groups you are with and see how you measure up.
B) significant others learn their self-concepts from your verbal and nonverbal messages.
C) you interpret and evaluate your own behavior.
D) your self-concept develops through looking at the image of yourself that others reveal to you.

Accepted Answer

Cooley's looking-glass self theory states that our self-concept develops through our interactions with others and through the feedback we receive from them. Thus, the image of ourselves that others reveal to us plays a significant role in shaping our self-concept.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to self-esteem?
A) Seeking out nourishing people will enhance your self-esteem.
B) When you feel good about yourself you will perform better.
C) Setting high standards in all areas will enhance your self-esteem.
D) Selecting projects that will result in success will boost your self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

While setting goals and standards can be important for personal growth and development, setting impossibly high standards can be detrimental to self-esteem, as constant failure to meet them can lead to feelings of inadequacy and inferiority.

Question 6

Which one of the four selves represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know?
A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Accepted Answer

The unknown self represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know. The hidden self represents truths about yourself that you know but keep hidden from others. The blind self represents truths about yourself that others know but you are unaware of. The open self represents truths about yourself that both you and others are aware of.

Question 7

Veronique mistook Callie's friendly attitude and politeness for genuine liking and friendship, perhaps because she was looking for a friend at that time. When you see what you want to see, this is called
A) perceptual accentuation.
B) overattribution.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) the self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual accentuation is the tendency to perceive and emphasize certain features of a situation or person based on our pre-existing beliefs, expectations, or desires. In this case, Veronique was looking for a friend, so she perceived Callie's behavior as friendly and interpreted it as genuine liking and friendship.

Question 8

Kelvin is very open about his political views and discusses them with anyone who will listen. This is an example of information in his ______________________ self.
A) open
B) blind
C) hidden
D) assertive

Accepted Answer

Kelvin's political views are openly discussed, hence we can assume that they are a part of his open self, which is visible to others. Blind self refers to aspects about oneself that are not known to oneself but are known to others, whereas hidden self refers to aspects that are not known to others but are known to oneself. Assertive self refers to the ability to express oneself confidently and clearly.

Question 9

Which one of the four selves represents information you know about yourself but others do not.
A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Accepted Answer

The hidden self represents information about ourselves that we know but keep hidden from others. This can include thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that we do not reveal to others. The blind self refers to information that others know about us but we are unaware of ourselves. The open self represents information that both we and others are aware of. The unknown self refers to information that neither we nor others are aware of.

Question 10

You see a group of people physically close together and conclude they are friends or coworkers. This is the principle of _____________________
A) proximity.
B) similarity.
C) selective attention.
D) selective exposure.

Accepted Answer

The principle of proximity states that people who are physically close to each other are perceived as belonging to the same group or being in a relationship. Therefore, seeing a group of people physically close together would lead to the conclusion that they are friends or coworkers.

Question 11

The perceptual process in which you're more influenced by what you sense first or last is ______________________
A) proximity and consensus.
B) Primacy-recency.
C) consensus and resemblance.
D) consistency and distinctiveness.

Accepted Answer

Primacy-recency effect refers to the phenomenon where people tend to remember information that is presented first (primacy) or last (recency) more accurately than information presented in the middle. Therefore, the answer is B - Primacy-recency.

Question 12

To improve communication, work first on enlarging which of the following?
A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Accepted Answer

Enlarging the open self means being more transparent, honest, and vulnerable in communication. This can lead to better understanding and trust between individuals, ultimately improving communication. The hidden self and unknown self refer to aspects of oneself that are not readily shared with others, and the blind self refers to qualities that others may perceive in us that we may not be aware of. While it may be important to explore these aspects of oneself in order to gain self-awareness, enlarging the open self is most directly related to improving communication.

Question 13

In _____________________ stage of the perceptual process, you create "cognitive tags."
A) organization
B) memory
C) recall
D) stimulation

Accepted Answer

In the memory stage of the perceptual process, cognitive tags are created to help store and retrieve information.

Question 14

Reggie is well-dressed, friendly and on-time to his job interview. Therefore, the interviewer also assumes he is intelligent and capable. This is an example of the _____________________
A) self-serving bias.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) halo effect.
D) reverse halo effect.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the halo effect, where one positive trait (being well-dressed and friendly) leads to the assumption of other positive traits (intelligence and capability).

Question 15

Which of the following about perception is FALSE?
A) Everyone relies on shortcuts.
B) We interpret the appropriateness of another person's actions based on our scripts.
C) What you remember is never objective.
D) Memory of ambiguous information is most reliable.

Accepted Answer

Memory of ambiguous information is actually the least reliable, as people often impose their own biases and interpretations on such information, leading to inaccuracies in recall.

Question 16

Rubbing your nose when you get angry, having a peculiar body odor, fight strategies, and repressed experiences are all examples of the
A) hidden self.
B) blind self.
C) open self.
D) unknown self.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rubbing your nose when you get angry,...

Question 17

Noxious people
A) criticize and find fault.
B) are positive and make you feel good about yourself.
C) employ constructive criticism.
D) praise and compliment.

Accepted Answer

Noxious people are typically negative and tend to criticize and find fault instead of being positive and constructive.

Question 18

The extent to which you know yourself accurately is referred to as (the)
A) self.
B) self-concept.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which you know yourself accurately refers to self-awareness. While self-concept and self-esteem are related concepts, they do not necessarily reflect how accurately you understand yourself. Self-concept refers to your overall perception of yourself, including your traits, values, and beliefs. Self-esteem refers to your subjective evaluation of your worth or value. While self-awareness is a component of self-concept and self-esteem, it specifically refers to the accuracy with which you understand yourself. Therefore, option D is the best choice for this question.

Question 19

If you believe you're going to score an "A" on a test, you may start studying more, which in turn may lead to that high grade. This would exemplify the _____________________
A) pygmalion effect.
B) pollyanna effect.
C) implicit personality theory.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where a belief about oneself leads to behavior that makes that belief come true. In this case, the belief that one will achieve an "A" on a test leads to increased studying and ultimately achieving that high grade. The other answer choices are not relevant to the scenario presented.

Question 20

Buying a car and then noticing numerous advertisements for the car is an example of
A) selective attention.
B) selective exposure.
C) proximity.
D) resemblance.

Accepted Answer

Selective exposure refers to the concept that individuals tend to seek out and pay attention to information that agrees with their pre-existing beliefs or attitudes, while ignoring information that contradicts them. In this case, the individual has already purchased the car, so they may be more likely to notice advertisements for it as it aligns with their previous decision.

Quiz 3: Perception and the Self in Interpersonal Communication

Daydreaming in a class and not hearing what the teacher is saying until your name is called is an example of

All of the following are self-affirmations EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT an influence on the self-concept?

H. Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self says that

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to self-esteem?

Which one of the four selves represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know?

Veronique mistook Callie's friendly attitude and politeness for genuine liking and friendship, perhaps because she was looking for a friend at that time. When you see what you want to see, this is called

Kelvin is very open about his political views and discusses them with anyone who will listen. This is an example of information in his ______________________ self.

Which one of the four selves represents information you know about yourself but others do not.

You see a group of people physically close together and conclude they are friends or coworkers. This is the principle of _____________________

The perceptual process in which you're more influenced by what you sense first or last is ______________________

To improve communication, work first on enlarging which of the following?

In _____________________ stage of the perceptual process, you create "cognitive tags."

Reggie is well-dressed, friendly and on-time to his job interview. Therefore, the interviewer also assumes he is intelligent and capable. This is an example of the _____________________

Which of the following about perception is FALSE?

Rubbing your nose when you get angry, having a peculiar body odor, fight strategies, and repressed experiences are all examples of the

Noxious people

The extent to which you know yourself accurately is referred to as (the)

If you believe you're going to score an "A" on a test, you may start studying more, which in turn may lead to that high grade. This would exemplify the _____________________

Buying a car and then noticing numerous advertisements for the car is an example of