The use of prototype stores,standardized product lines,and cooperative advertising characterizes _____.

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Business format franchising involves the use of prototype stores (standardized store layout and design), standardized product lines (consistent product offerings across franchise locations), and cooperative advertising (joint advertising efforts funded by both franchisor and franchisee). Retail cooperatives involve a group of retailers who unite to purchase products in larger quantities for lower prices, but they do not typically involve the use of standardized product lines or prototype stores. Product/trademark franchising involves the use of a franchisor's product or trademark, but may not necessarily involve standardized stores or product lines. Vertical marketing systems involve the coordination of multiple levels of distribution under a single entity (such as a manufacturer owning and controlling its own retail stores), but do not necessarily involve franchising.

The Use of Prototype Stores,standardized Product Lines,and Cooperative Advertising Characterizes