Question 1

Memory is classically defined as:
A)a capacity for learning.
B)the ability retain information over time.
C)an ability of humans only.
D)unchangeable.

Accepted Answer

Memory is the ability to retain information over time. This definition applies to all living beings, not just humans. Memory is not unchangeable and can be improved through various techniques like repetition and associations.

Question 2

Attention is the process of ________.
A)storing information
B)representing information
C)selectively noticing stimuli
D)recognizing visual sensations

Accepted Answer

Attention involves filtering out irrelevant information and selectively focusing on important stimuli. It is the process of directing our awareness, resources, and cognitive processing towards specific aspects of the environment that are most relevant to our goals or interests. Storing and representing information are important memory processes, while recognizing visual sensations is part of the perception process.

Question 3

What are the components of the information processing model in order?
A)retrieval,encoding,storage
B)encoding,capturing,retrieval
C)capturing,encoding,retrieval
D)encoding,storage,retrieval

Accepted Answer

The correct order of the components of the information processing model is encoding (taking in information), storage (retaining information), and retrieval (accessing information when needed). Therefore, choice D is the correct option.

Question 4

The auditory equivalent of the icon is the ____________.
A)echo
B)vibration
C)sound wave
D)neural trace

Accepted Answer

The answer of The auditory equivalent of the icon is...

Question 5

Iconic and echoic memory are types of _______ memory.
A)working
B)sensory
C)short-term
D)long-term

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to visual sensory memory, while echoic memory refers to auditory sensory memory. Both types of memory are brief and serve as a buffer between sensory input and further processing in working memory or long-term memory.

Question 6

A visual image held in the sensory register is _____________.
A)an icon
B)a pictograph
C)a trace
D)a symbol

Accepted Answer

A visual image held in the sensory register is called an icon.

Question 7

Our visual sensation of a passing automobile would be initially stored in ___________.
A)the sensory registers
B)short-term memory
C)long-term memory
D)the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The sensory registers are the first storage places for sensory information, such as visual input from the environment. Therefore, our visual sensation of a passing automobile would be initially stored in the sensory registers.

Question 8

The passing of time causes forgetting according to ___________.
A)interference theory
B)optimization theory
C)reduction theory
D)decay theory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory proposes that forgetting occurs as a result of the fading of memory traces over time. The longer the memory is not used or retrieved, the more likely it is to fade away.

Question 9

The process we use to notice important stimuli and ignore irrelevant ones is ______.
A)encoding
B)attention
C)masking
D)chunking

Accepted Answer

Attention is the process of selectively focusing on certain stimuli in our environment and ignoring others. Encoding refers to the process of transforming sensory inputs into meaningful representations in the brain. Masking is a technique used in experimental psychology to prevent stimulus awareness. Chunking refers to the process of grouping or organizing information into smaller, more manageable units.

Question 10

What is the system or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future use?
A)cognition
B)memory
C)perception
D)sensation

Accepted Answer

Memory is the process by which information or learning is stored for future use. Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding. Perception is the interpretation of sensory information. Sensation is the process of receiving sensory information. While all of these processes are involved in learning, memory specifically refers to the storage of that learning for later retrieval.

Question 11

The sensory registers _____________.
A)are measures of retention
B)retain past information
C)control our attention span
D)receive sensory information from the external world

Accepted Answer

Sensory registers are the initial stages of perception where sensory information from the external world is received and briefly held in a raw, unprocessed form. They do not retain information beyond a short period of time and do not control attention span. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 12

The process of selective looking,listening,smelling,and feeling is called ____________.
A)retention
B)cognition
C)recognition
D)attention

Accepted Answer

The process of selective looking, listening, smelling, and feeling is commonly referred to as attention. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Retention refers to the ability to store information, cognition relates to the mental processes such as thinking, and recognition refers to the ability to identify previously encountered stimuli. None of these accurately describe the selective process of filtering out certain sensory input.

Question 13

An echo usually stays in the sensory registers for __________.
A)1/4 of a second
B)one second
C)several seconds
D)40 seconds

Accepted Answer

The answer of An echo usually stays in the sensory...

Question 14

In what way are sensory memory and long-term memory similar?
A)Storage in both is essentially permanent.
B)Retrieval from both is immediate.
C)Both have a large capacity.
D)Both make exclusive use of semantic retrieval cues.

Accepted Answer

Both sensory memory and long-term memory have a large capacity. Sensory memory can hold a large amount of information for a brief period, while long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for an indefinite period. However, retrieval from sensory memory is immediate, while retrieval from long-term memory may require more time and effort. Sensory memory is also not permanent, as it fades quickly, while long-term memory can be relatively permanent. Additionally, sensory memory focuses on sensory inputs, while long-term memory can store many different types of information, including semantic, episodic, and procedural. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 15

One feature of the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory is that:
A)important information can bypass short-term memory and go from sensory directly into long-term.
B)important information can bypass sensory memory and go directly to long-term.
C)all information going into long-term memory must first pass through both sensory store and short-term memory.
D)information can bypass sensory memory and go directly to short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, all information that goes into long-term memory must first pass through both sensory store and short-term memory. This means that important information cannot bypass these stages and go directly into long-term memory without first being processed in both sensory and short-term memory.

Question 16

Sensory store memory:
A)holds information for as long as you rehearse it.
B)holds information for about 30 seconds.
C)holds information for one or two seconds.
D)processes information for permanent encoding.

Accepted Answer

Sensory store memory holds information for one or two seconds before it either decays or is transferred to short-term memory through attention and perception.

Question 17

A system that allows people to retain information over time is called:
A)memory.
B)cognition.
C)computer.
D)intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Memory refers to the ability to retain and retrieve information over time, which is a system that allows people to remember and recall past experiences and knowledge. Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in thinking, understanding, and using knowledge, while a computer is a device that processes and stores data. Intelligence refers to overall cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, reasoning, and learning, but does not specifically refer to the system of retaining information over time.

Question 18

Sensing is to _______ memory as rehearsal is to _______.
A)sensory store;attention
B)short-term;long-term
C)attention;short-term
D)sensory;short-term

Accepted Answer

Sensing is the process of receiving information from our sensory organs and storing it in sensory memory. Rehearsal, on the other hand, is a process of repeating information in order to maintain it in short-term memory. Therefore, the best option would be D, where sensing is related to sensory memory and rehearsal is related to short-term memory.

Question 19

Memory is:
A)a capacity for learning.
B)a system that allows people to retain information over time.
C)an ability of humans only.
D)unchangeable.

Accepted Answer

Memory is a system that allows people to retain information over time. It is not limited to humans only, and it is not unchangeable - memories can be affected by a variety of factors such as emotions, time, and other experiences. While memory is related to the capacity for learning, it specifically refers to the ability to retain and recall information.

Question 20

The step in the memory process that actually makes our memories available to us is:
A)retrieval.
B)encoding.
C)rehearsal.
D)storage.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the step in the memory process that actually makes our memories available to us. It is the process of accessing information that has been previously encoded and stored in the brain. Without retrieval, memories would not be able to be accessed and used for various tasks and activities. Encoding and storage are important steps in creating long-term memories, but it is retrieval that allows us to recall and utilize those memories. Rehearsal is a helpful strategy for retaining information in short-term memory, but it is not the step that makes memories available in the long-term.

Quiz 6: Memory

Memory is classically defined as:

Attention is the process of ________.

What are the components of the information processing model in order?

The auditory equivalent of the icon is the ____________.

Iconic and echoic memory are types of _______ memory.

A visual image held in the sensory register is _____________.

Our visual sensation of a passing automobile would be initially stored in ___________.

The passing of time causes forgetting according to ___________.

The process we use to notice important stimuli and ignore irrelevant ones is ______.

What is the system or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future use?

The sensory registers _____________.

The process of selective looking,listening,smelling,and feeling is called ____________.

An echo usually stays in the sensory registers for __________.

In what way are sensory memory and long-term memory similar?

One feature of the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory is that:

Sensory store memory:

A system that allows people to retain information over time is called:

Sensing is to _ memory as rehearsal is to _.

Memory is:

The step in the memory process that actually makes our memories available to us is: