Question 1

The terrorist organization al Qaeda was created by Islamic military leaders who had fought against a foreign occupation of:

Accepted Answer

Al Qaeda was created by Islamic military leaders who had fought against the Soviet Union's occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s.

Question 2

The Iran-Iraq war was the result,at least indirectly,of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Iran-Iraq war was the result,at least...

Question 3

One purpose used to justify the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was the Iraqi program to develop weapons of mass destruction-primarily biological and nuclear-and the fear that such weapons would be given to terrorist groups.Although no such weapons were found,a similar threat from nuclear weapons remains present in:

Accepted Answer

North Korea is known to possess nuclear weapons and has a history of exporting technologies related to nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, making it a potential threat to global security. The other countries listed do not have publicly acknowledged nuclear weapons programs.

Question 4

The Israeli leader who negotiated the 1978 peace accord was:

Accepted Answer

Menachem Begin was the Israeli leader who negotiated the 1978 peace accord, also known as the Camp David Accords, with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. This agreement was a significant step towards peace in the Middle East, as it resulted in the recognition of Israel by Egypt and the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt from Israeli control.

Question 5

The Mujahidin were religious fighters who gained their reputation in fighting against:

Accepted Answer

The Mujahidin gained their reputation in fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s.

Question 6

Several international organizations have been founded to monitor the rights of individuals,and among these is:

Accepted Answer

Amnesty International focuses on monitoring and advocating for human rights globally. The other organizations listed focus on environmental or healthcare issues.

Question 7

In the mid-1970s,a long recessionary period in Western economies was triggered by:

Accepted Answer

The oil embargo of 1973, imposed by members of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), was one of the major triggers of the recessionary period in Western economies in the mid-1970s. The embargo led to a sharp increase in oil prices, causing inflation and slowing down economic growth. This also led to a global energy crisis as many countries relied heavily on imported oil.

Question 8

On September 11,2001,one of the new terrorist organizations,_________,carried out an attack on the symbolic seat of "globalization," the United States.

Accepted Answer

Al Qaeda is the terrorist organization responsible for carrying out the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States.

Question 9

The contemporary language of human rights is anchored in a tradition of political thought that reaches back to the political philosophy of:

Accepted Answer

The language of human rights is rooted in the political philosophy of John Locke, who argued that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. This idea influenced the political thought of Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence, which is considered a foundational document for human rights.

Question 10

Many of the oil-producing countries of the world organized themselves into a cartel to regulate the production and the pricing of oil: this cartel is called the:

Accepted Answer

The correct name of the oil-producing countries' cartel is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Question 11

The recent global economic crisis has sparked new debates in the past few years that have centered on a belief in:

Accepted Answer

Self-regulating markets have been a major topic of debate in recent years, as the global economic crisis has led to a reassessment of the role of government in the economy.

Question 12

By the 1970s,the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes was:

Accepted Answer

By the 1970s, there was an emergence of radical Islamist movements that sought to establish religious states. These movements gained momentum and were a driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes. This was particularly evident in countries like Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia, where Islamist groups had a significant influence and were actively involved in opposition politics.

Question 13

Since 1987,Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank have been carrying on a low-level fight against the Israeli security forces.This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The term "Intifada" refers specifically to the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that began in 1987. This period was marked by mass protests, strikes, and violent clashes with Israeli security forces in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The term has been used to describe subsequent uprisings as well, but the context of the question suggests that the 1987-1993 Intifada is the most likely answer.

Question 14

Political Islam during the 1960s:

Accepted Answer

During the 1960s, Political Islam claimed that the roots of the Arab world's moral failure lay in centuries of colonial contact with the West. This is evident from the rise of Islamic movements and ideologies such as the Islamic Brotherhood in Egypt, which saw Western influence as a corrupting force that needed to be resisted. This view was also echoed by other Islamic movements in the region, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was established in 1979 as a reaction to the perceived corruption of Western-backed monarchies in the region. Thus, option E is the correct answer.

Question 15

In the postcolonial world of the 1960s,many in the Islamic world,led by the cleric _________,laid the blame for the moral failure of the Arab world at the feet of the West and centuries of colonial contact.

Accepted Answer

Sayyid Qutb was a prominent intellectual and Muslim Brotherhood member who believed that the influence of Western culture, which he viewed as morally decadent, had corrupted the Muslim world. He argued that Islam was the only true solution to the problems faced by Arab societies, and his ideas have been influential in the development of Islamist movements.

Question 16

The Middle East has drawn more attention in recent years due to all of the following reasons except:

Accepted Answer

Iraq did not have an Islamic Revolution. It had a Baathist revolution in 1968, and later underwent a regime change after the US-led invasion in 2003.

Question 17

Ethnic conflicts that had been dampened for some time were reignited in the 1990s in Indonesia due to:

Accepted Answer

Inflation and unemployment in Indonesia in the 1990s were some of the factors that reignited ethnic conflicts that had been dampened for some time. The economic difficulties experienced by the country created an environment where ethnic tensions could resurface.

Question 18

The Islamic cleric,the Ayatollah _________,stepped into the 1979 power vacuum in Iran left by the resignation of the Western-friendly shah.

Accepted Answer

The Ayatollah who stepped into the 1979 power vacuum in Iran after the resignation of the Western-friendly shah was Ruhollah Khomeini. Therefore, option E is the correct answer. Option A refers to a Lebanese politician, Option B refers to an Iraqi cleric, Option C refers to an Israeli diplomat, and Option D refers to an Israeli politician, none of whom were involved in the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

Question 19

Although an attempt was made following World War I to safeguard individuals against nation-states,nothing was accomplished until the United Nations published the:

Accepted Answer

The correct publication that safeguarded individuals against nation-states was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was published by the United Nations in 1948. While the other options have similar titles, they are not the correct publication that addressed the issue mentioned in the question.

Question 20

A Western friendly leader installed during a military coup of 1953 supported by Britain and the United States:

Accepted Answer

Reza Pahlavi, also known as the Shah of Iran, was installed during a military coup in 1953, which was supported by Britain and the United States. He was considered a Western-friendly leader and his regime implemented several modernization and industrialization policies. However, his regime also faced criticism for its authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and corruption, which eventually led to a popular uprising and his overthrow in 1979.

Quiz 20: A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West