Question 1

One's answer to the question of "What is violence?" depends on one's vantage point in society's ________ structure, which shapes how violence is defined.

Accepted Answer

The concept and definition of violence are shaped and influenced by power structures in society, such as social hierarchies and systemic inequalities. Different groups may have varying perspectives on what actions, behaviors, or circumstances constitute violence or are deemed acceptable or unacceptable.

Question 2

Central questions for ________ theorists include "What is the nature of the social bond?" and "What produces social cohesion?"

Accepted Answer

Order theorists focus on understanding the nature of social bonds and what maintains social cohesion, exploring how society is structured and maintained.

Question 3

The analysis of society begins with a ________ of its structure, which is a mental image of how the society is organized and structured.

Accepted Answer

A model is a visual or conceptual representation of something, in this case, the structure of a society. It helps us understand and analyze the different elements and relationships within the society. A consensus refers to an agreement among people, a perspective is a particular point of view, and a theory is a set of interconnected ideas that explain a phenomenon. While all these concepts are relevant to the analysis of society, a model is the most appropriate choice for the given question.

Question 4

The existence of ________ is the basis for the two prevailing models of society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The existence of ________ is the basis...

Question 5

The ________ of society may result from differences in age, race, sex, physical prowess, wisdom, or any other characteristic considered important by its members.

Accepted Answer

Segmentation refers to the division of society based on various characteristics such as age, race, sex, physical prowess, wisdom, or any other important characteristic. This division may lead to the formation of subgroups or classes within society, each with its own set of values, beliefs, and norms. Social integration, on the other hand, refers to the degree to which individuals or groups are connected to the larger society, while power refers to the ability to influence or control others. Integration refers to the process of bringing together different parts of society into a unified whole.

Question 6

________ societies are characterized by members who hold similar beliefs and who are much alike.

Accepted Answer

"Less complex" societies tend to be small and homogeneous, with members who share similar beliefs, values, and practices. In contrast, complex societies are larger and more diverse, with greater differentiation in social roles, statuses, and beliefs. Modern societies may be either complex or less complex, depending on their size and level of heterogeneity. Differentiated societies are characterized by significant social differentiation and specialization, with individuals occupying specialized roles within a complex social system.

Question 7

Durkheim focused on social ________ by determining the manifest and latent consequences of social structures.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim's concept of social integration refers to the degree to which individuals in a society are connected to others through social relationships and shared values. He argued that high levels of social integration lead to more stable societies, while low levels can result in social problems such as deviance and suicide. Thus, he focused on social integration as a means of understanding the consequences of social structures.

Question 8

The ________ attributes to society the essential characteristics of cohesion, consensus, cooperation, reciprocity, stability, and persistence.

Accepted Answer

The order model attributes to society the essential characteristics of cohesion, consensus, cooperation, reciprocity, stability, and persistence. This model views society as a stable and organized system, where members work together to maintain social order and harmony. The conflict model, on the other hand, emphasizes the existence of power struggles and conflict between different groups in society. The interactionist model focuses on how individuals interact and make sense of their social world, while the evolutionary model looks at how societies change and adapt over time.

Question 9

The order model is sometimes referred to as

Accepted Answer

The order model refers to the functionalist perspective which believes that society is made up of interdependent structures and systems that work together to maintain stability and order.

Question 10

The ________ views disharmony as a normal feature of social life.

Accepted Answer

The conflict model views social life as a competition, and asserts that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity. It sees social conflict as an inherent and fundamental aspect of societal relationships.

Question 11

________ is the term order theorists use to refer to the unintended consequence of a societal function; for instance, the fact that the punishment of crime is the societal reaffirmation of what is to be considered moral.

Accepted Answer

Latent consequences are the unintended, often unnoticed, and sometimes hidden consequences of a societal function. They are not intended, but they still have an impact. In this case, punishment of crime is the societal function, and the latent consequence is the reaffirmation of what is considered moral.

Question 12

________ theorists believe that there is a high degree of cooperation (and societal integration) that arises because of the high degree of consensus that exists regarding societal goals and cultural values.

Accepted Answer

The description of beliefs in a high degree of cooperation and societal integration due to consensus on societal goals and cultural values align with the Order perspective on social theory.

Question 13

________ among members occurs through the collective holding of beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Solidarity among members occurs when they collectively hold similar beliefs and values, creating a sense of unity and common purpose. Conflict, dissent, and integration can also occur within a group, but they do not necessarily imply a collective holding of beliefs.

Question 14

________ are the negative, malintegrative consequences and functions of social structures and activities.

Accepted Answer

Dysfunctions refer to the negative consequences of social structures and activities. These consequences may be unintended or unexpected but they nonetheless remain harmful or maladaptive to the well-being of society as a whole.

Question 15

Emile Durkheim believed that ________ holds modern complex societies together.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim believed that division of labor, or the specialization of tasks in society, creates interdependence between individuals and groups. This interdependence creates a sense of solidarity and cohesion that holds modern complex societies together. Durkheim referred to this as "organic solidarity." While common morality, traditions, and religion may also contribute to social cohesion, Durkheim emphasized the importance of the division of labor.

Question 16

The ________ views the parts of the system as basically in harmony with each other.

Accepted Answer

The order model views the parts of the system as working in harmony with each other. This model promotes unity, stability, and equilibrium within the system. It assumes that social change occurs slowly and gradually rather than rapidly and abruptly.

Question 17

An even greater proportion of the public has become more __________ because of changes in the media.

Accepted Answer

The word "polarized" suggests that the public has become more divided or separated into opposing groups. This could be due to the way media sources have become more focused on particular viewpoints and less neutral or balanced in their reporting.

Question 18

________ are characterized by members whose activities are differentiated and interdependent.

Accepted Answer

Complex societies are characterized by members who have specialized roles and interdependent activities that enable the society to function. Simple societies, on the other hand, have little differentiation in roles and are often based on kinship ties. Functional societies may refer to societies that are able to effectively meet the needs of their members, but this term is not typically used to describe a specific type of society. Bureaucracies are organizational structures characterized by hierarchy, rules, and a need for efficiency, and are not necessarily tied to a specific type of society.

Question 19

________ was the sociologist who provided the classic discussion of the order model.

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim provided the classic discussion of the order model in his book "The Division of Labor in Society."

Question 20

According to the order perspective, ________ are the intended result of a particular function in society.

Accepted Answer

According to the order perspective, manifest consequences are the intended result of a particular function in society. These consequences are intended and recognized by the actors in society as positive results of their actions.

Quiz 3: The Duality of Social Life: Order and Conflict