Question 1

You learn that a person with whom you have had unprotected sex during the past month has been diagnosed as infected with HIV. You immediately have yourself tested and the results
Are negative for HIV infection. This means

Accepted Answer

A negative HIV test immediately after exposure does not confirm you are not infected, as it may be too early for the virus to be detected. Further testing is needed after the window period.

Question 2

HIV infection and AIDS

Accepted Answer

HIV infection is the cause, and the consequence of untreated infection, in the majority of cases, is AIDS. Therefore, HIV infection and AIDS are related as cause to effect. However, it is essential to highlight that not all HIV-positive individuals will develop AIDS. The goal of antiretroviral therapy is precisely to delay or prevent the progression to AIDS by controlling the viral load and strengthening the immune function.

Question 3

Which of the following has the greatest influence on encounters with death in our society today?

Accepted Answer

Diet and physical activity patterns have the greatest influence on encounters with death in our society today. Poor diet and physical inactivity can lead to chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes which are some of the leading causes of death in many countries. Additionally, sedentary lifestyles are also associated with increased risk of cancer, osteoporosis, and depression, among other conditions that can negatively affect mortality rates.

Question 4

Communicable diseases often produce the following symptoms:

Accepted Answer

Vomiting, nausea, and fever are common symptoms of communicable diseases such as influenza, norovirus, and COVID-19. While some communicable diseases may lead to sudden, unanticipated deaths (such as Ebola), this is not a common symptom across diseases. Diarrhea is also a common symptom of communicable diseases, but not all. Option C and D do not accurately describe the symptoms of communicable diseases.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of public health measures that helped reduce death rates in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Improvements in basic sanitation and disposal of sewage were important public health measures that helped reduce death rates in the United States. Before these measures were put in place, diseases spread easily through contaminated water and unsanitary living conditions. With better sanitation practices, the spread of diseases was reduced, leading to a decrease in death rates. While the other options may have had some impact on public health, they were not solely responsible for reducing death rates in the US.

Question 6

In terms of the biblical promise of "three score and ten" years (that is, 70 years), average human life expectancy in the United States

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average life expectancy in the United States surpassed 70 years during the latter portion of the 20th century. In 1960, life expectancy was 69.7 years, and by 2000, it had increased to 76.8 years.

Question 7

The leading cancer cause of death for American males is

Accepted Answer

According to the American Cancer Society, lung and bronchial cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among American males, accounting for approximately 25% of all cancer deaths in men. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, followed by colon and rectal cancer. Pancreatic cancer is also a deadly cancer, but it is not as common as lung, prostate, or colorectal cancer. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 8

The leading cancer cause of death for American females is

Accepted Answer

Lung and bronchial cancer is the leading cancer cause of death for American females, causing more deaths than breast cancer, which is often mistakenly believed to be the top cause. The other options are either irrelevant or specific to male anatomy.

Question 9

In the world today, relatively few people in developed countries die of communicable diseases, with the exception of

Accepted Answer

In developed countries, thanks to advances in medical science and hygiene practices, communicable diseases are not as prevalent as they used to be. However, there are still some communicable diseases that are prevalent, namely influenza and pneumonia, septicemia, and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Venereal disease, tuberculosis, and cirrhosis are not considered major communicable diseases in developed countries. Accidents, while a leading cause of death, are not classified as communicable diseases.

Question 10

The second leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2007 was

Accepted Answer

Cancer was the second leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2007, following heart diseases.

Question 11

Projected average life expectancies for all individuals born in the United States in 2007

Accepted Answer

In 2007, the projected average life expectancies for white and black males in the United States reached a record high, reflecting improvements in healthcare and living conditions.

Question 12

The earliest and most important factor associated with reduced death rates in the United States was

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest and most important factor associated...

Question 13

Most deaths in contemporary American society occur

Accepted Answer

Most deaths in contemporary American society occur in health-care institutions such as hospitals or nursing homes, rather than at home or in the presence of family caregivers.

Question 14

In 2009, reliable sources estimated that the number of persons newly infected or living with HIV disease around the world was

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2009, reliable sources estimated that the...

Question 15

The leading cause of deaths in the U.S. in 2007 was

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), diseases of the heart, which include coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and heart attack, were the leading cause of deaths in the U.S. in 2007, accounting for approximately 27% of all deaths.

Question 16

The three leading causes of death in the U.S. in 2007 were

Accepted Answer

Cerebrovascular diseases, diseases of the heart, and cancer were the three leading causes of death in the U.S. in 2007.

Question 17

The dying trajectory

Accepted Answer

Communicable diseases often have a rapid onset and progression, leading to a shorter dying trajectory compared to degenerative diseases, which typically progress slowly over time.

Question 18

Diseases with patterns of gradually losing control over one's bodily functions and mental capacities are most likely to be

Accepted Answer

Degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, typically result in a gradual loss of control over one's bodily functions and mental capacities. These diseases have a long dying trajectory, as they can take years to progress and ultimately lead to death.

Question 19

A common factor found in persons with AIDS is

Accepted Answer

Immune system dysfunction is a common factor found in persons with AIDS. This dysfunction is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks and weakens the body's immune system, making individuals with AIDS susceptible to various infections and cancers. Dementia, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, hemophilia, and Kaposi's sarcoma are all possible complications or conditions associated with AIDS but are not as commonly found as immune system dysfunction.

Question 20

Leading causes of death in the United States around 1900 were

Accepted Answer

Around 1900, the leading causes of death in the United States were communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and influenza. Degenerative and chronic diseases became more prevalent as life expectancy increased and lifestyle factors changed.

Quiz 2: Changing Encounters With Death

You learn that a person with whom you have had unprotected sex during the past month has been diagnosed as infected with HIV. You immediately have yourself tested and the results Are negative for HIV infection. This means