In a grasshopper, how does ion composition of pre-urine compare to hemolymph?
A) Pre-urine is significantly higher in osmolarity (especially with respect to Na+ and K+) .
B) Hemolymph is higher in osmolarity, conserving its Cl−.
C) Pre-urine is similar to hemolymph in ion composition.
D) The protein pumps and channels of the Malpighian tubules concentrate Cl− in the pre-urine.
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