Which value(s) would be required to calculate how long ago the most recent ancestor of ungulates lived?
I. the number of base pairs that differ among species in a certain genetic sequence
II. the total number of base pairs in the genetic sequence examined
III. the age of a fossil ancestor for calibration

Question

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To calculate how long ago the most recent ancestor of ungulates lived, all three values are necessary: the number of base pairs that differ among species (I) provides a measure of genetic divergence, the total number of base pairs in the genetic sequence examined (II) gives context to the differences observed, and the age of a fossil ancestor (III) is crucial for calibrating molecular clocks to translate genetic differences into time estimates.

Which Value(s) Would Be Required to Calculate How Long Ago