Question 1

A social smile typically occurs when an infant
A) was recently fed.
B) is asleep.
C) sees another human face.
D) is at least 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

A social smile is a smile directed at another human face, typically in response to positive social interaction. It can occur as early as 6 weeks old and is a precursor to later social and emotional development. Being recently fed or asleep are not specific triggers for a social smile. 1 year of age is too late for the onset of a social smile.

Question 2

Researchers often use __________ to assess an infant's emotional state.
A) facial expressions
B) subjective feelings
C) the Strange Situation
D) systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are a reliable indicator of an infant's emotional state as they are typically an involuntary response to their internal feelings. Infants show a range of emotions through their facial expressions, such as happiness, sadness, fear, and anger. Researchers can observe and document these expressions to gain insight into an infant's emotional state.

Question 3

Who is experiencing a complex emotion?
A) Tim, who is happy
B) Todd, who is embarrassed
C) Ramon, who is disgusted
D) Victor, who is surprised

Accepted Answer

Todd is experiencing a complex emotion of embarrassment, which involves a combination of feeling self-conscious, ashamed, and uncomfortable. This is a more nuanced emotion than simply feeling happy, disgusted, or surprised.

Question 4

Complex emotions
A) emerge before basic emotions.
B) are universal.
C) involve feelings of success when one's standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure when they aren't.
D) include feelings of happiness, anger, and disgust.

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions involve a more cognitive component than basic emotions, which are more instinctual. They include feelings of success or failure based on one's standards or expectations, and are not necessarily universal. Basic emotions such as happiness, anger, and disgust are not considered complex emotions. It is debated whether complex emotions emerge before basic emotions.

Question 5

Hezron has experienced basic emotions, such as happiness and anger, but he is unlikely to feel more complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, or pride until he
A) has some understanding of the self.
B) experiences a physiological reaction linked to his emotions.
C) displays overt behaviors associated with his subjective feelings.
D) goes through systematic desensitization.

Accepted Answer

More complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, or pride require an understanding of the self, which is necessary for self-reflection and evaluation. As Hezron develops a sense of self, he becomes more capable of experiencing and processing complex emotions.

Question 6

In the first month, infants may smile
A) while asleep.
B) when asleep and when softly touched - serving as social smiles.
C) while asleep and when softly touched - reflexive responses to bodily states.
D) when they see another person. .

Accepted Answer

Infants in their first month may produce smiles while they are asleep or when they are gently touched, but these smiles are typically reflexive responses to their bodily state rather than social cues or reactions to external stimuli, such as seeing another person.

Question 7

One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when
A) infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.
B) infants are picked up by a familiar adult.
C) a stranger talks to other adults instead of picking up the baby.
D) a favorite food or toy is taken away.

Accepted Answer

One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when they are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult. This is known as stranger anxiety, which typically starts around 8-9 months of age.

Question 8

Stranger wariness is a sign of
A) anger.
B) sadness.
C) fear.
D) happiness.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness is a developmental stage that typically occurs around 6-9 months of age in which infants become wary of unfamiliar people or objects. This behavior is a normal response to a perceived threat and is rooted in the emotion of fear. It is not associated with anger, sadness, or happiness.

Question 9

Social smiles typically first appear at
A) birth.
B) 2 months of age.
C) 6 months of age.
D) 18 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Social smiles typically first appear at 2 months of age. At this age, infants start to respond to social stimuli like faces and voices by smiling. Before 2 months, infants may smile reflexively, but not in response to social cues.

Question 10

Complex emotions don't usually emerge until
A) 4 to 6 months of age.
B) 9 to 12 months of age.
C) 18 to 24 months of age.
D) 3 to 4 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions, such as shame, guilt, pride, and embarrassment, typically begin to emerge around 18 to 24 months of age. This development coincides with children's growing self-awareness and understanding of social norms.

Question 11

Basic emotions
A) do not involve a physiological change.
B) are not expressed in an overt behavior.
C) vary from culture to culture.
D) involve a subjective feeling.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions involve a subjective feeling, such as joy, fear, anger, sadness, and surprise. These emotions are universally recognized across cultures and are associated with specific physiological changes and overt behaviors.

Question 12

Which of the following would be the element of a basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?
A) a smile
B) an increase in heart rate
C) bumping into a chair
D) being so happy you feel like you're floating on air

Accepted Answer

A subjective feeling is a personal and internal emotional experience. Being so happy that you feel like you're floating on air is an example of a subjective feeling. A smile (A) and an increase in heart rate (B) could be physical manifestations of an emotion, but they are not themselves subjective feelings. Bumping into a chair (C) is a physical sensation and not related to emotions at all.

Question 13

Which of the following is a basic emotion?
A) pride
B) guilt
C) happiness
D) embarrassment

Accepted Answer

Happiness is considered a basic emotion because it is a universal, innate emotion that does not require complex social or cultural learning. It is often associated with positive experiences and generally recognized by facial expressions and physiological responses. Pride, guilt, and embarrassment are considered secondary emotions that involve a more complex cognitive process and social learning.

Question 14

Your niece is 7 months old and you are about to meet her for the first time. You are concerned that she will be afraid of you and want to minimize the chance that meeting you will cause her stranger anxiety. What would you do?
A) Greet her and give her your complete attention as soon as you meet her.
B) Arrange to see her for the first time in an environment that is familiar to her.
C) Meet her in an environment that is unfamiliar to her.
D) Pick her up right away when you meet her.

Accepted Answer

Meeting a new person can be intimidating for a 7-month-old baby. To minimize the chances of causing anxiety, it is best to meet the baby in a familiar environment where she feels comfortable and safe. This will help her feel more at ease and feel more positively about meeting new people. Greeting her and giving her your complete attention is also important, but it should be done after she has had a chance to get used to your presence. It's also important not to pick her up right away as this can be overwhelming for a baby who is meeting someone new for the first time.

Question 15

Stranger wariness
A) emerges a few weeks after birth.
B) provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar caregivers.
C) is greater when infants are in a familiar environment.
D) is not related to the stranger's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar caregivers, making option B correct. Option A is incorrect because stranger wariness typically emerges around 6-8 months of age. Option C is incorrect because stranger wariness is actually greater when infants are in an unfamiliar environment. Option D is incorrect because stranger wariness is influenced by the stranger's behavior.

Question 16

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, an overt behavior, and
A) a physiological change.
B) an evaluative component.
C) a cultural-specific expression.
D) an advanced cognitive component.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions are typically accompanied by physiological changes, such as increased heart rate or sweating, which help to prepare the body for action. While evaluative components and cultural-specific expressions may be associated with some emotional experiences, they are not inherent features of basic emotions. Similarly, advanced cognitive components, such as complex thought processes and rational decision-making, are not necessarily present in basic emotions, which are thought to be more instinctual and automatic in nature.

Question 17

Which of the following emerges first?
A) anger
B) embarrassment
C) pride
D) fear

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following emerges first?
A) anger
B)...

Question 18

Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?
A) fear of strangers
B) fear of the dark
C) fear of imaginary creatures
D) fear of snakes

Accepted Answer

Fear of strangers typically develops around 6 to 12 months of age, earlier than the fears of the dark, imaginary creatures, or snakes, which tend to emerge in later childhood.

Question 19

Seven-month-old Lydia looked away and started to fuss when her mother's college roommate, who hadn't visited since Lydia was born, got Lydia up from her nap. Lydia's reaction is most likely the result of
A) social referencing.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) insecure attachment.
D) stranger wariness.

Accepted Answer

Lydia's reaction of looking away and fussing when her mother's college roommate picked her up from her nap suggests that Lydia is experiencing stranger wariness. This is a common development during infancy, where infants become increasingly wary of unfamiliar people, particularly those who are not significant caregivers in their lives. As Lydia hasn't seen her mother's college roommate before, it is not surprising that she would react with fussiness towards her.

Question 20

The first distinct displays of anger typically occur
A) at birth.
B) between 4 and 6 months of age.
C) between 12 and 18 months of age.
D) during the preschool years.

Accepted Answer

The first distinct displays of anger typically occur between 4 and 6 months of age, as infants become more aware of their surroundings and begin to express displeasure towards things like discomfort or the removal of toys.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development

A social smile typically occurs when an infant

Researchers often use __________ to assess an infant's emotional state.

Who is experiencing a complex emotion?

Complex emotions

Hezron has experienced basic emotions, such as happiness and anger, but he is unlikely to feel more complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, or pride until he

In the first month, infants may smile

One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when

Stranger wariness is a sign of

Social smiles typically first appear at

Complex emotions don't usually emerge until

Basic emotions

Which of the following would be the element of a basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?

Which of the following is a basic emotion?

Your niece is 7 months old and you are about to meet her for the first time. You are concerned that she will be afraid of you and want to minimize the chance that meeting you will cause her stranger anxiety. What would you do?

Stranger wariness

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, an overt behavior, and

Which of the following emerges first?

Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?

Seven-month-old Lydia looked away and started to fuss when her mother's college roommate, who hadn't visited since Lydia was born, got Lydia up from her nap. Lydia's reaction is most likely the result of

The first distinct displays of anger typically occur