Question 1

Confraternities are ____ who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance.

Accepted Answer

Confraternities were made up of laypeople, not political actors or royal guards. They focused on religious devotion and good works like caring for the sick and poor.

Question 2

Elements of Giotto's new style that appear in the Madonna Enthroned include ____.

Accepted Answer

Giotto's new style, known as "naturalism," involved creating lifelike figures with realistic details such as shadows or reflections. In the Madonna Enthroned, the figures are statuesque and cast shadows, which are elements of Giotto's new style. Slender and fragile figures (A) and heavily patterned drapery (B) are not typically associated with Giotto's new style, and there are no floating figures (D) in this particular work.

Question 3

Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?

Accepted Answer

Pisa established itself as a major shipping power, dominating trade in the Mediterranean during the 11th and 12th centuries.

Question 4

The Italian admiration for classical art resurfaced at ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Italian admiration for classical art resurfaced...

Question 5

In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano worked in a style derived from ____.

Accepted Answer

Giovanni Pisano's style was influenced by the French Gothic art he encountered during his travels to France, as opposed to his father Niccolò Pisano, who was influenced by classical antiquity.

Question 6

Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral?

Accepted Answer

The trefoil (triple-curved) arches are a distinctly medieval architectural element, particularly prominent in Gothic architecture.

Question 7

The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri's Saint Francis Altarpiece reveals the ____ roots of his style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of...

Question 8

____ sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty three-dimensional body and the illusion of space to contain it.

Accepted Answer

Giotto is known for his innovative use of perspective, seeking to reconcile the illusion of three-dimensional form with the illusion of space, as seen in his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua.

Question 9

Simone Martini's rendition of Annunciation may have been inspired by ____.

Accepted Answer

Simone Martini was a Medieval Italian painter who was highly influenced by the etiquette of chivalric courts, which often featured elaborate displays of wealth and power. Martini was known for his delicate and refined style, which was well-suited to the courtly atmosphere of the time. His Annunciation painting is a prime example of this style, featuring graceful, flowing lines and rich, vibrant colors. The painting was likely created for a church or chapel within a noble household, where it would have been used for private devotion and worship.

Question 10

The artist ____ was instrumental in creating the International Gothic style.

Accepted Answer

Simone Martini was a crucial figure in the development of International Gothic style, which emerged in the late 14th century and continued into the 15th century. Martini's refined and elegant approach to painting helped pave the way for the more ornate and decorative style that characterized International Gothic art.

Question 11

The imagery of the Triumph of Death served as a warning against ____.

Accepted Answer

The Triumph of Death imagery often features skeletons and other symbols of death triumphing over rich and powerful people, including those who have indulged in lust and greed. This was meant as a warning against the dangers of pursuing earthly pleasures and wealth, and the importance of preparing oneself for the inevitability of death.

Question 12

Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano?

Accepted Answer

Nicola Pisano was a renowned sculptor whose work was a precursor to the Italian Renaissance. He was most active in Pisa, where he contributed significantly to the city's architecture and sculpture, including the famous pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery. This period marked a high point in Pisa's political and economic power.

Question 13

What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?

Accepted Answer

The humanist cult of fame emphasized the importance of creative individuals, particularly in the areas of art, literature, and science. Humanists believed that these individuals should be celebrated and their contributions to society should be recognized and immortalized.

Question 14

____ was the leading Roman painter at the end of the 13th century.

Accepted Answer

Pietro Cavallini was a prominent Roman painter and mosaic designer at the end of the 13th century, known for his significant contributions to the Italian proto-Renaissance period.

Question 15

The facial types, beards, and coiffures of ____ figures reveal the influence of classical relief sculpture.

Accepted Answer

Nicola Pisano is known for his revival of classical style in sculpture during the 13th century. His work showcased a humanistic approach, which included naturalism in the depiction of human figures. This is evident in the facial types, beards, and coiffures of his sculptures, which show the influence of classical relief sculpture.

Question 16

Historian Giovanni Villani wrote in the 14th century that this city was "the daughter and creature of Rome," suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?

Accepted Answer

The phrase "the daughter and creature of Rome" suggests a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire, and Florence was one of the most important city-states of the Italian Renaissance, with a strong cultural and artistic heritage deeply rooted in its history as a center of economic and political power in the medieval and Renaissance periods.

Question 17

Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?

Accepted Answer

Rome has historically been considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the location of the Vatican City, which is the headquarters of the Catholic Church and is the residence of the Pope. While Avignon also served as the seat of the papacy for a period in the 14th century, Rome has always been considered the spiritual and political center of the Catholic Church. Florence and Paris did not hold this position.

Question 18

In contrast to other monastic orders, the ____ lived and preached in urban environments.

Accepted Answer

Mendicant orders, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, were known for their itinerant preaching and living among the people in urban areas, as opposed to more secluded monastic orders like the Carthusians or Benedictines.

Question 19

Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?

Accepted Answer

Arnolfo di Cambio was the chief architect of the Cathedral of Florence, also known as the Santa Maria del Fiore. He oversaw the construction of the cathedral's basic structure, including the iconic dome, before his death in 1310.

Question 20

The most devastating natural disaster in Europe that broke out in the 1340s was ____.

Accepted Answer

The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that spread throughout Europe in the 1340s, killing millions of people. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and was transmitted by fleas on rats. The Black Death had a significant impact on European demographics, culture, and economies.

Quiz 14: Late Medieval Italy