Question 1

Harvey is a new father.If he wishes to be a particularly concerned parent and try to identify when his new baby is in pain,which common facial movement(s)should he not interpret as pain?

Accepted Answer

Eyes wide open is not typically a facial movement associated with pain in infants. Pain expressions usually involve more specific movements like furrowing of the brows, nose wrinkling, and possibly an open mouth, but wide-open eyes can be a response to various stimuli, not specifically pain.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a function of the "eyebrow flash"?

Accepted Answer

The "eyebrow flash" is not an adaptor indicating anxiety. It is typically used as a nonverbal signal for various social cues, such as expressing surprise, signaling recognition, or indicating a willingness for social interaction, but not specifically for showing anxiety.

Question 3

Anecdotal observations of identical behaviors exhibited in identical twins,as collected in the University of Minnesota twin studies,prove these are inherited behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The University of Minnesota twin studies suggest that genetics play a significant role in behavior, but they do not prove that specific behaviors are inherited. Environmental factors and individual experiences also significantly influence behavior.

Question 4

In multicultural studies of judgments of emotion,which two emotions are the most difficult to discriminate?

Accepted Answer

Fear and surprise are the most difficult to discriminate in multicultural studies of judgments of emotion because they share similar facial expressions, such as wide eyes and open mouths, making them hard to distinguish across different cultures.

Question 5

Eibl-Eibesfeldt concluded that spontaneous expressions of sadness,crying,laughing,smiling,pouting,anger,surprise,and fear are significantly different in blind/deaf children.

Accepted Answer

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, among others, found that spontaneous expressions of emotions such as sadness, crying, laughing, smiling, pouting, anger, surprise, and fear are remarkably similar in blind/deaf children compared to those who can see and hear, suggesting these expressions are innate rather than learned.

Question 6

Ekman and Friesen outline several sources of our nonverbal behaviors.Which of the following is not one of the sources they outline?

Accepted Answer

Ekman and Friesen's framework for understanding the sources of nonverbal behaviors does not explicitly include "the need to survive and reproduce" as a source. Their model focuses on inherited neurological programs, experiences varying by culture, class, families, or individuals, and experiences common to all members of a species.

Question 7

Normally developed newborn babies do not yet possess the facial muscle actions necessary to express the basic affect displays of adults.

Accepted Answer

Normally developed newborn babies are actually capable of expressing basic emotions through facial expressions from birth, indicating that the necessary facial muscle actions are present early on.

Question 8

Which of the following is the only facial expression that is recognized almost unanimously in studies?

Accepted Answer

Happiness is recognized almost unanimously in studies as it is a universal human emotion and is expressed in similar ways across different cultures and languages.

Question 9

Kendler,Halberstadt,Butera,Myers,Bouchard,and Ekman (2008)coded the facial expressions of pairs of monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins watching emotion-inducing films.They found evidence of heritability of facial displays of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The study conducted by Kendler, Halberstadt, Butera, Myers, Bouchard, and Ekman (2008) found evidence of heritability of facial displays of emotion in twins watching emotion-inducing films.

Question 10

According to scholars,nonverbal behavior is __________.

Accepted Answer

Nonverbal behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic, learned, and cultural factors. Some aspects of nonverbal behavior, such as facial expressions and body language, are believed to be genetically based or innate. However, the interpretation and use of nonverbal behavior is also influenced by learned behaviors and social norms that vary by culture. Therefore, all these factors apply to nonverbal behavior.

Question 11

Pitcairn and Eibl-Eibesfeldt's research showed remarkable similarities between humans and non-human primates greeting rituals regarding __________.

Accepted Answer

Pitcairn and Eibl-Eibesfeldt's research highlighted the importance of eye contact in greeting rituals, showing that this behavior is a commonality shared between humans and non-human primates.

Question 12

The term phylogeny,as applied to humans,means __________.

Accepted Answer

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of organisms, so as applied to humans, it would refer to the development of the human species across evolutionary time.

Question 13

Many facial expressions have their origins in noncommunicative behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Many facial expressions, such as the furrowed brow or the clenched jaw, were originally evolved for noncommunicative purposes such as protecting the eyes or grinding food. However, they have since evolved to also convey emotional states or social cues.

Question 14

It is difficult to design a research task that clearly shows if a behavior is learned or inherited.

Accepted Answer

It is often difficult to distinguish between learned and inherited behaviors because both can be influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental cues and genetic predispositions. Therefore, designing a research task that clearly shows whether a behavior is learned or inherited is challenging.

Question 15

Greg has been blind and deaf since his birth.According to research,which of the following behaviors should we not expect Greg to perform?

Accepted Answer

Greg is blind and deaf since birth, so he would not be able to see or hear the facial expressions of others, and therefore would not be able to imitate them.

Question 16

Eve is trying to assign meaning to Frank's facial expressions.With which of the following characteristics should Eve not be concerned when assigning these meanings?

Accepted Answer

Eve should consider all these characteristics because Frank's cultural background can influence the meaning of his facial expressions, Eve's own cultural background can affect how she interprets these expressions, and the frequency of certain expressions can provide context or indicate habitual facial movements.

Quiz 2: The Roots of Nonverbal Behavior

Harvey is a new father.If he wishes to be a particularly concerned parent and try to identify when his new baby is in pain,which common facial movement(s) should he not interpret as pain?