Question 1

A client asks about the possibility of genetic testing for her children because diabetes is common in their family histories.Which information should the nurse consider before replying?

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing is currently most feasible for monogenetic diseases, meaning that it is not yet a reliable or cost-effective option for complex diseases like diabetes that involve multiple genes and environmental factors.

Question 2

Which statements indicate the nurse has a good understanding of the genetic influence on hyperlipidemia?

Accepted Answer

C,E

Question 3

A nurse researcher is choosing diseases with high mortality and high prevalence as the focus for a study on the influence of family history on disease development.Which facts would suggest inclusion of a disease in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiovascular disease's high prevalence among Americans suggests its inclusion due to its impact on a large portion of the population. B) The significant percentage of Americans over age 65 with diabetes indicates both high prevalence and potential for high mortality, making it relevant for the study. C) Cancer's position as the second leading cause of death in the United States highlights its high mortality rate, justifying its inclusion in research on disease development and family history.

Question 4

A client has had difficulty achieving glycemic control with oral medications for Type 2 diabetes.Frustrated,the client says,"Isn't there some way to predict how my body will respond?" What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client has had difficulty achieving glycemic...

Question 5

A nurse researcher is planning to study the relationship between racial background and the risk of developing the leading cause of death in the United States.The nurse would collect data on which group of diseases?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular illnesses are the leading cause of death in the United States and are the focus of the nurse researcher's study. Racial background is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the study aims to explore this relationship. The other options, such as renal insufficiency and failure, communicable diseases, and cancer, are not the leading cause of death in the United States and are not the focus of the study.

Question 6

A nurse researcher investigating treatment options to decrease the risk of developing hypertension should consider which genetic information?

Accepted Answer

GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) have indeed identified numerous genetic loci associated with hypertension that were not previously known. This approach allows researchers to uncover genetic variations across the genome in large populations to find markers associated with diseases, including hypertension, providing new insights into its genetic underpinnings and potential targets for treatment.

Question 7

A research team has selected a gene for study.The team hypothesizes that this gene is associated with the development of a particular form of renal disorder.How would the nurse describe this study in a grant proposal?

Accepted Answer

The study is focused on a specific gene, making it a candidate gene study. Genome-wide association studies typically involve scanning the entire genome to identify potential associations with a particular trait or disease. Comparing people with and without the disease would be a case-control study design, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Investigating numerous epigenetic factors would indicate a broader study scope and is not specific to the identified gene.

Question 8

A nurse working in a diabetes clinic is planning a community program regarding the disease,particularly its known risk factors.Which information should the nurse include regarding genetic contribution to this disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse working in a diabetes clinic...

Question 9

A client says,"I know my family history puts me at risk for cardiovascular disease.What can I do to reduce my risk?" Which facts should the nurse consider when formulating a response?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client says,"I know my family history...

Question 10

A client states,"I knew I would get cancer someday.That is what killed my grandparents,my father,and one of my sisters." What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

This response acknowledges the client's family history and provides accurate information about the possibility of families having a genetic predisposition to cancer. It validates the client's concerns and may provide a basis for further discussion with healthcare providers about genetic testing or other preventive measures. Option A suggests that the client's family may have been exposed to something in the environment, which may be a possibility but is not necessarily the best response to the client's statement. Option C may be perceived by the client as dismissive or unhelpful as research does indicate a hereditary component to cancer. Option D suggests that the client and their family members may have developed risk factors such as poor diet and smoking, which may or may not be true but does not address the client's concerns regarding their family history of cancer.

Question 11

A nurse is reviewing a male client's family history for the presence of cardiovascular disease.Which question is most important?

Accepted Answer

The age at which a parent had a myocardial infarction is crucial for assessing a client's risk for cardiovascular disease. Early onset in a parent significantly increases the risk for the offspring.

Question 12

A client who was just diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus says,"I can't believe I have diabetes.I have always watched my diet and I exercise regularly." What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

The nurse's best response is to educate the client that Type 2 diabetes can be caused by both genetic and lifestyle factors. By acknowledging the role of genetics, the client is reassured that they did not necessarily cause their diabetes through their behavior. It also provides an opportunity to educate the client on how to manage their diabetes and focus on lifestyle changes they can make to improve their health. The other responses are not appropriate as they may make the client feel guilty or ashamed, which is not helpful for managing this chronic condition.

Question 13

A discussion of the future of risk prevention for common disease based on genetics would include which information?

Accepted Answer

Risk prevention for common diseases based on genetics could lead to more specific risk modification for populations with common ancestry, earlier disease identification through more specific screening, targeted disease prevention for individuals, and the withdrawal of some current risk reduction recommendations for certain populations. Genetic information allows for a more personalized approach to medicine, which can improve the effectiveness of prevention strategies.

Question 14

A 30-year-old client was diagnosed with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency after developing COPD.The client started smoking cigarettes at age 16.What risk prevention information should the nurse provide regarding the client's young children?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should provide information on risk prevention for the client's young children by advocating for smoking cessation and discouraging them from smoking. In addition, the nurse should encourage the client to work with their children's healthcare providers to ensure they are educated on the risks associated with smoking and the importance of avoiding exposure to passive smoke. It is important to emphasize that even if the children do not inherit the deficiency, smoking can still increase their risk of developing COPD. Option A has the correct information but does not address prevention. Option B is incorrect as it suggests it is too late to prevent harm to the client's children. Option D is incorrect as it places too much emphasis on the client's children possibly not smoking in the future.

Question 15

A client has been using diet and exercise to try to reduce LDL cholesterol.Today's lab work reveals a 3% drop in LDL concentration in the last two months.Which nursing comment is indicated?

Accepted Answer

A 3% drop in LDL cholesterol is directly related to a 3% reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease, making option D the most appropriate nursing comment.

Quiz 18: Common Diseases With Genetic Linkages