When 12-year-old Jack saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort,he prepared to offer help.But when he noticed several adults walk past the man,he concluded that the man did not need any help.His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

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Jack's reaction of not offering help after seeing several adults walk past the man is an example of the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help in emergency situations when others are present. This suggests a diffusion of responsibility among the group of bystanders, leading each individual to assume someone else will take responsibility for taking action.

When 12-Year-Old Jack Saw an Old Man Lying on the Sidewalk