Question 1

The three sources from which the concept of human rights arises are religion,political and legal philosophy,and evolution.

Accepted Answer

The concept of human rights primarily arises from religion, political and legal philosophy, and historical documents, not evolution.

Question 2

Which of the following undermines the laws of warfare?

Accepted Answer

The use of nonconventional warfare (such as chemical, biological, or cyber attacks) undermines the traditional rules and conventions of warfare, as these weapons and tactics can cause widespread harm and are not typically considered acceptable in traditional warfare.

Question 3

Despite tens of thousands of civilians being killed by their government in 2011-2016,the Syrian people were not defended by other governments.Had they been,as Libyans were in 2011,it would have been an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

"The responsibility to protect" is a principle adopted by the United Nations in 2005, which states that the international community has a responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. This principle calls upon states to take action to prevent such atrocities and to intervene to protect populations if states fail to do so. If the Syrian people had been defended by other governments, it would have been an example of the responsibility to protect in action.

Question 4

Created during the Nuremburg trials after World War II,__________ were conceived as inhumane acts and persecutions against civilians on a vast scale in the pursuit of unjust ends.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "inhumane acts and persecutions against civilians on a vast scale in the pursuit of unjust ends" is commonly used to describe crimes against humanity. The Nuremberg trials were specifically focused on prosecuting Nazi officials for their role in the Holocaust, which was considered a crime against humanity. Options A, B, and D do not accurately describe the definition or context of the Nuremberg trials.

Question 5

The principle of free passage on the open seas was established __________.

Accepted Answer

The principle of free passage on the open seas was established to promote safe and profitable long-distance trade. It allows ships to travel across international waters without fear of being hindered or attacked, making trade more efficient and profitable.

Question 6

In 1997,diplomats from Georgia and Zaire were prosecuted by the United States and France,respectively,when those diplomats killed children by driving recklessly.These are examples of exceptions to __________.

Accepted Answer

The exceptions to diplomatic immunity are situations where diplomats are subject to criminal prosecution in the host country, such as in the case of committing a serious crime like reckless driving that results in death or injury. Diplomatic immunity generally protects diplomats from being prosecuted or punished in the host country's legal system.

Question 7

Philosophers such as Kant put forward the argument that it was natural for autonomous individuals (or states)to cooperate for mutual benefit.

Accepted Answer

Kant argued that it was natural for autonomous individuals or states to cooperate for mutual benefit, as it aligns with our rational self-interest and promotes overall harmony and well-being. This idea is known as the theory of cosmopolitanism or the "kingdom of ends".

Question 8

The European Union is a global IGO.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The European Union is a global IGO....

Question 9

Chapter 7 of the UN Charter was used only once during the Cold War.

Accepted Answer

Chapter 7 of the UN Charter authorizes the UN Security Council to take action in the event of a threat to international peace and security, including the use of sanctions and military force. It was used during the Cold War in the 1950s to authorize military intervention in Korea. However, it was not used again during the rest of the Cold War period.

Question 10

UN Secretaries General often come from the great powers.

Accepted Answer

UN Secretaries-General typically come from smaller or medium-sized countries, as a way to maintain neutrality and balance among the world's great powers.

Question 11

An early example of the granting of authority for UN peacekeeping forces was the Suez crisis in 1956.

Accepted Answer

The Suez crisis of 1956 was the first example of the United Nations authorizing peacekeeping forces.

Question 12

Diplomats,once accredited,enjoy special rights and protections in host countries.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Diplomats are granted immunity from prosecution in the host country and are exempt from taxes and customs duties. Additionally, their residences and offices are considered inviolable, and they cannot be arrested or detained.

Question 13

Permanent observer missions are sometimes sent to the UN by political entities that fall short of state status.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Non-state entities such as the Holy See (Vatican City), Palestine, and the State of Palestine have been granted permanent observer status at the UN.

Question 14

How is the idea of universal human rights distinguished from relativism?

Accepted Answer

Universal human rights are based on the idea that certain rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, religion, or background. Relativism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of respecting local traditions, cultures, and histories, and suggests that what is considered a "right" in one society might not be viewed in the same way in another. Therefore, C is the best choice as it accurately distinguishes between the two concepts.

Question 15

The just-war doctrine __________.

Accepted Answer

The just-war doctrine allows for the repelling of an attack and punishment of the aggressor. It sets out criteria on when and how a country can engage in war, including the need for a just cause, a reasonable prospect of success, and the use of force only as a last resort. The doctrine does not promote nonviolence, nor does it limit response to only the victim of aggression. It can apply to both actual and threatened aggression.

Question 16

The principle that diplomats are beyond the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts is known as diplomatic __________.

Accepted Answer

Diplomatic immunity is the principle that protects diplomats from being prosecuted or sued by the host country's national courts. It is an essential part of international law and ensures that diplomats can perform their duties without fear of retaliation or harassment by the host country. Options A, C, and D are not related to the concept of diplomatic immunity.

Question 17

One source of international law,historical scholarship,is recognized by the World Court as subsidiary to the other sources.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One source of international law,historical scholarship,is recognized...

Question 18

Under the laws of war,soldiers have the right to surrender,abandoning their role as combatants and becoming prisoners of war.

Accepted Answer

This is correct according to the Geneva Convention and customary international law. Soldiers who surrender are entitled to be treated as prisoners of war and are protected from violence, insults, and public curiosity.

Question 19

A just war can __________.

Accepted Answer

Just wars are typically understood as defensive wars, waged in response to aggression or to protect a state's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Wars waged for other reasons, such as ethnic or religious conflicts, are generally not considered just. The use of nuclear weapons is generally seen as unjust due to the high levels of civilian casualties and potential for long-term damage to the environment. While a war to change another state's government may be justifiable in certain circumstances, such as when the government is committing gross violations of human rights, this would depend on the specific details of the situation and is not a universal principle of just war theory.

Question 20

According to the laws of war,__________.

Accepted Answer

The laws of war, including the Geneva Conventions, require armed forces to respect the neutrality of humanitarian organizations like the Red Cross, ensuring their ability to support civilians and prisoners of war without interference.

Quiz 7: International Organization, Law, and Human Rights