Question 1

_____ is a type of explicit memory that consists of a collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall specific events and experiences that one has personally experienced. This type of memory typically involves recalling details such as time, place, and people involved in the event.

Question 2

A man and his son were watching Jeopardy on TV.The man correctly answered the questions in the category "World War II," and his son was impressed.The son then told his father that he remembered watching a program on World War II once at a friend's house.The man was using _____ memory,while the son was using _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

The man was using episodic memory as he personally experienced and remembered the events of World War II. The son, on the other hand, was using semantic memory as he learned about World War II from a program, without personally experiencing it. Therefore, the correct answer is C, semantic for the son and episodic for the father.

Question 3

Which statement about priming is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Priming refers to the phenomenon in which exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus. It is a form of implicit memory, which means that it operates unconsciously and without conscious awareness. Research has shown that priming effects can occur over long periods of time, so it is possible that your memory could be currently primed by events that took place years earlier. Damage to the hippocampus, which is a region of the brain that is critical for explicit memory processes, does not substantially affect priming effects. Anterograde amnesia, which is a condition in which a person is unable to form new memories, does impair priming, but priming can still occur in people with other types of amnesia.

Question 4

There are two types of explicit memory,_____ memory,which is for facts and knowledge,and _____ memory for personally experienced events.

Accepted Answer

The two types of explicit memory are semantic memory, which is for facts and knowledge, and episodic memory for personally experienced events. Option A is incorrect because both options are implicit memory types. Option B is incorrect because procedural memory and implicit memory are not the same thing, and one of the options should be about episodic memory. Option D is incorrect because procedural memory and priming are not the same thing, and one of the options should be about episodic memory.

Question 5

There are two types of explicit memory,_____ memory,which is for personally experienced events,and _____ memory for facts and concepts.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is memory for personally experienced events, while semantic memory is memory for facts and concepts. Therefore, choice D (episodic/semantic) is the correct answer.

Question 6

Katie learns how to swim one summer.The next summer,she goes to the pool and realizes that she still remembers how to swim.Katie is using _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Katie's ability to remember how to swim is a form of procedural memory, which involves the long-term memory of how to perform certain skills and actions without conscious thought. This type of memory is responsible for our ability to ride a bike or type on a keyboard, for example. Explicit memory (A) involves conscious recall of facts or events, semantic memory (C) involves general knowledge and understanding, and working memory (D) involves temporarily holding and manipulating information in the short-term.

Question 7

Someone who is shown a picture of Babe Ruth and then asked to complete the word -ball will be more likely to respond "baseball" than "football" or "basketball," illustrating the effects of:

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the effects of conceptual priming, where the presentation of a stimulus (in this case, a picture of Babe Ruth) primes the brain for related concepts (in this case, baseball). State-dependent retrieval refers to the phenomenon where information is better recalled when the individual is in the same state or mood as when the information was encoded. Perceptual priming refers to the phenomenon where the presentation of one stimulus affects the processing of a subsequent, related stimulus. Encoding specificity refers to the idea that retrieval is better when the cues present at retrieval match those present at encoding.

Question 8

After watching a program about the Revolutionary War,participants were more likely to associate electricity with Benjamin Franklin than Thomas Edison-even though this was not discussed in the program-due to:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of priming, a phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences a person's response to another stimulus. In this case, the program about the Revolutionary War may have primed participants to think about historical figures, making them more likely to associate electricity with a well-known inventor like Benjamin Franklin.

Question 9

Someone who is shown the word organism and then asked to memorize 50 words subsequently might be more likely to incorrectly report that the word organize was on the list,illustrating the effects of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who is shown the word organism...

Question 10

Conceptual priming is to perceptual priming as:

Accepted Answer

Conceptual priming, which involves the activation of concepts and ideas, is more related to the frontal lobe's functions in processing meaning and abstraction. Perceptual priming, which involves the recognition of stimuli based on their perceptual features, is more closely related to the visual cortex's role in processing visual information.

Question 11

Priming is an example of _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Priming is a type of implicit memory. Implicit memory refers to the unconscious or subconscious retention of information, such as skills or habits, that can be recalled without conscious effort. Priming occurs when exposure to a stimulus influences a person's response to a subsequent stimulus, without consciously being aware of the initial exposure. This indicates that priming is an example of implicit memory.

Question 12

Studies using fMRI have revealed that,the second time an object is viewed,there is _____ activity in the visual cortex,suggesting that priming makes perception of the object _____.

Accepted Answer

Studies using fMRI have shown that when an object is viewed for the second time, there is less activity in the visual cortex, indicating that priming has occurred and makes the perception of the object easier. This is because the brain has already processed the object once, making it more efficient at recognizing it the second time.

Question 13

Monique Roberts wanted to find a fun way to help her students prepare for their forthcoming history exam.She decided to create a game show with questions about different countries and their governments.Which type of memory would the students rely on to answer the questions?

Accepted Answer

The students would rely on explicit memory to answer the questions, as they are recalling factual information about different countries and their governments.

Question 14

After several days of practice,a person learning how to play the guitar can finally play a D chord fairly easily.Successfully playing this chord requires _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Successfully playing a chord on the guitar after several days of practice requires procedural memory, which involves learning and executing motor skills and habits. Explicit memory refers to conscious memories of facts and events, while primed memory refers to how past experiences influence current behavior without conscious awareness. Working memory refers to the temporary holding and processing of information in the mind.

Question 15

Rachel's 15th birthday is on Friday.Her mother and father ask her to choose between Olive Garden and Red Lobster for her birthday dinner.Rachel remembers that she more recently ate at the Red Lobster.Because of this,Rachel decides that she would like to go to Olive Garden for her birthday dinner.What type of memory did Rachel utilize in making her decision?

Accepted Answer

Rachel used her personal experience of eating at Red Lobster more recently to make her decision. This type of memory is known as episodic, which involves recalling specific events and personal experiences.

Question 16

Tara,a professional ice skater,struggles to remember the names of the various people she meets as part of her job but has no problem remembering elaborate skating routines.This illustrates the difference between explicit and _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

The ability to remember skating routines is part of procedural memory, which is an example of implicit memory. The fact that Tara struggles to remember the names of people she meets suggests that she may have difficulty with explicit memory, specifically episodic memory (which pertains to personal experiences) or semantic memory (which pertains to facts and concepts). However, the information given in the question does not provide enough detail to definitively choose between episodic and semantic memory.

Question 17

The enhanced ability to think about a word or object due to a recent exposure to that same word or object is called:

Accepted Answer

Priming refers to the enhanced ability to process a stimulus, such as a word or object, due to a recent exposure to the same stimulus. This phenomenon can occur even when the initial exposure is brief or presented subconsciously. Episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events or experiences, while semantic memory refers to the memory of general knowledge and facts. Procedural memory refers to the memory of skills and how to perform certain tasks.

Question 18

_____ is a type of explicit memory that consists of a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of explicit memory that consists of a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world. It refers to the meaning of words or things, rather than personal experiences or events, and includes things like basic facts about the world, concepts, and language.

Question 19

If you correctly recall that William James founded the functionalist school of psychology,you are using your _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our general knowledge and understanding of concepts and information that is not tied to a specific time or event. Recalling that William James founded the functionalist school of psychology is an example of semantic memory, as it is a general fact that is not tied to any specific personal experience or context.

Question 20

An fMRI is conducted as a person is primed with a visual word cue.The next time the person sees the cue,a second fMRI MOST likely will reveal _____ activation in the _____ lobe relative to the first time the cue was presented.

Accepted Answer

The left frontal lobe is associated with processing language and semantic memory. After being primed with a word cue, the brain becomes more efficient at processing the cue, leading to less activation in subsequent exposures.

Quiz 6: Memory-Part A