Question 1

A graphic artist's rather large computer monitor sitting on her desk partially obscures the window of her office.When sitting at her desk,she perceives the monitor to be in front of the window as a result of the depth cue termed:

Accepted Answer

Interposition is the depth cue that occurs when one object partially blocks or obstructs another object. In this scenario, the computer monitor partially blocks the window, so the graphic artist perceives the monitor to be in front of the window. The other depth cues listed (relative size, texture gradient, and retinal disparity) do not seem to apply to this situation.

Question 2

A stage actor can see the facial expressions of the audience members sitting in the front row,but the faces of people sitting farther away are blurry.This example illustrates the depth cue of:

Accepted Answer

A texture gradient is a depth cue where objects closer to the viewer appear more detailed, while those farther away appear blurrier, as in the case of the audience's faces.

Question 3

Because the brown bear is partially obscured by the car,Nick assumes that the car is closer to him than is the bear.Nick is depending on the cue called:

Accepted Answer

Interposition is a depth cue that occurs when one object partially blocks or overlaps another object. In this scenario, the brown bear is partially obscured by the car, which signals to Nick that the car is closer to him than the bear. Therefore, Nick is depending on the cue of interposition to determine the spatial relationships between the car and the bear. The other options listed (relative size, texture gradient, and retinal disparity) are not relevant to this particular example.

Question 4

Object is to geon as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Object is to geon as:
...

Question 5

From three-dimensional geometric elements such as cubes and tetrahedrons,along with their spatial relations,Jesse recognizes that he is standing in front of a house.This BEST illustrates _____ theories of object recognition.

Accepted Answer

The parts-based theories suggest that objects are recognized by analyzing their individual parts or components. In this scenario, Jesse is recognizing the house based on its three-dimensional geometric elements such as cubes and tetrahedrons.

Question 6

The View-Master toy and 3-D movies are based on which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the depth cue that View-Master and 3-D movies are based on. This is because each eye sees a slightly different image, and the brain combines these two images to create a perception of depth.

Question 7

Closer objects cast larger images on the retina than do objects that are farther away,a _____ depth cue known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The depth cue described in the question is related to the perception of monocular depth cues, as it can be perceived using only one eye. Moreover, it is known as the relative size cue, as the size of the retinal image increases as an object approaches the viewer, and decreases as it moves away. This cue can provide information about the relative distance between objects within a scene.

Question 8

Misty is standing at the edge of a large field of flowers.She perceives the flowers lower in her visual field as _____ than are the flowers higher in her visual field due to _____.

Accepted Answer

This is the principle of relative height in the image, where objects that are higher in the visual field appear closer while objects lower down appear farther away. Therefore, Misty will perceive the flowers lower in her visual field as closer than the flowers higher in her visual field.

Question 9

Which statement about object recognition theories is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Image-based theories have been shown to be able to account for how we recognize familiar faces, including those of friends and strangers. In fact, the holistic approach of image-based theories may be well-suited to explain how we identify faces based on overall configuration and spatial relationships among features, rather than specific individual features themselves.

Question 10

According to _____ theories,the brain recognizes objects by comparing the current pattern of retinal stimulation to its library of mental templates of objects.

Accepted Answer

Image-based theories suggest that the brain recognizes objects by comparing the current pattern of retinal stimulation to its library of mental templates of objects. This approach posits that recognition occurs through the direct comparison of visual input to stored images or templates in the brain.

Question 11

A factor that does NOT help us to determine figure from ground is:

Accepted Answer

Opponent colors do not play a role in determining figure from ground. The other factors (edges, size, and motion) all contribute to our perception of figure and ground.

Question 12

Hold your right index finger 2 feet in front of your face,close one eye,and look at your finger.Now alternate eyes,opening and closing each eye rapidly.Your finger jumps back and forth,illustrating which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the scenario is an example of binocular disparity, which occurs because the eyes have slightly different views of the finger's position in space. When we alternate between the eyes, this difference creates the perception of the finger jumping back and forth. Option A, motion parallax, refers to the change in position of objects relative to our own movement, while option B, optic flow, is the pattern of visual motion created by objects moving through our visual field. Option D, interposition, refers to the perception of one object blocking or occluding another in our view.

Question 13

A(n)_____ is a mental representation that can be directly compared with a viewed shape in the retinal image.

Accepted Answer

A template is a mental representation used for recognizing objects or patterns. It can be directly compared with a viewed shape in the retinal image to help identify the object or pattern. A geon (C) is a basic geometric shape used in recognition of three-dimensional objects, while an afterimage (A) is a visual illusion that occurs after looking at a bright stimulus and then looking away. An opponent image (B) is a term used specifically in color vision theory, where color perception is based on opposing pairs of colors (e.g. red vs green, blue vs yellow).

Question 14

To the pilot,the long straight runway appears to converge to a single point in the distance.This is an example of the monocular depth cue known as:

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective refers to the fact that parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance. In this case, the runway is a series of parallel lines, and as they get further away from the pilot, they appear to converge to a single point. This is a monocular depth cue because the depth perception is achieved using only one eye. Texture gradient refers to the fact that objects further away appear smaller and less detailed, while interposition refers to the fact that closer objects may partially obscure more distant objects. Retinal disparity requires input from both eyes to perceive depth.

Question 15

Geon is to object as:

Accepted Answer

Geon is a basic unit of perceptual information, similar to the basic unit of a machine being gears. The other options have a loose relationship and are not as closely related as geon and machine gears.

Question 16

Kevin correctly judged that his car was parked farther from his classroom than was his friend's car because it cast a smaller image on his retina than did his friend's.His brain was making use of a monocular cue called:

Accepted Answer

Familiar size is a monocular cue that our brain uses to judge distance based on our knowledge of the object's typical size. In this case, Kevin's brain used the known size of cars to determine that his car, which appeared smaller, was farther away than his friend's car.

Question 17

Painting a field of sunflowers,Casey delineated the flowers in the foreground and blended those farther away in the field,as she saw them in life.She was depicting:

Accepted Answer

Casey's technique of blending the sunflowers that are farther away to depict depth is an example of a texture gradient. This is a monocular cue in perception that shows that as a texture or pattern becomes denser or less distinct, it appears farther away.

Question 18

Objects that cast a GREATER retinal disparity are perceived as being:

Accepted Answer

Retinal disparity refers to the slight difference between the image projected onto each retina. Objects that cast a greater retinal disparity appear to be closer, as the brain is able to use this information to infer depth and distance.

Question 19

Railway tracks seem to converge in the distance,an example of the monocular depth cue known as:

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective is a monocular depth cue that creates the illusion of depth and distance by the way parallel lines seem to converge as they extend into the distance, such as in the case of railway tracks appearing to converge in the distance. Texture gradient refers to the way the texture of a surface becomes less distinct as it recedes into the distance, while interposition and retinal disparity involve the interaction of both eyes and the comparison between the visual information received by each eye.

Question 20

The Rubin vase illusion illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The Rubin vase illusion is an example of a reversible figure-ground relationship. It demonstrates how the same visual input can be perceived in two different ways, with the vase alternating as the figure and the background alternating as the ground.

Option A is incorrect because the Gestalt principle of similarity refers to grouping similar objects together based on their features.

Option C is incorrect because an illusory conjunction occurs when features of different objects are combined incorrectly, which is not the case in the Rubin vase illusion.

Option D is incorrect because perceptual constancy refers to the ability to perceive objects as having a stable identity despite changes in their sensory input, which is not relevant to this illusion.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception-Part A