Question 1

The neurons that receive information from the external world and convey information through the spinal cord are called:

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are specialized neurons that respond to stimuli and transmit sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS) via the spinal cord. They are responsible for detecting environmental stimuli, such as light or sound, and converting it into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain.

Question 2

Motor neurons carry signals from the:

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for carrying signals from the spinal cord to the muscles, causing them to contract or relax in response to the stimuli received by the nervous system. Choice A is incorrect because sensory neurons carry signals from the sense organs to the spinal cord, while choice B is incorrect as it describes the function of motor neurons but reversed. Choice C is also incorrect as it refers to the function of the sensory neurons in carrying signals from the spinal cord to the brain.

Question 3

The synapse is the junction between:

Accepted Answer

The synapse is the junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. This is where communication and transmission of signals occur between neurons. A is incorrect because the myelin sheath is a covering on the axon and not a location for synaptic transmission. B is incorrect because the cell body is not directly involved in the transmission of signals between neurons. C is incorrect because the communication between neurons occurs at the synapse, not between the cell bodies.

Question 4

Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for receiving information from the external world and transmitting it to the brain for processing.

Question 5

Annette has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the spinal cord never receives the message from pressure detectors in the skin.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting information from the body's sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain. In this scenario, the pressure detectors in the skin are not sending the message to the spinal cord, indicating a problem with the sensory neurons.

Question 6

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds the axon of a neuron and helps to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses. In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheath deteriorates, which leads to a slowed transmission of nerve impulses and can result in difficulties with movement.

Question 7

An informant brings a tip to a police department about suspicious activity at the docks.After detectives meet and process this information,they decide that the best course of action is to send undercover officers to the scene.If the police department were a neural network,the undercover officers would be functioning as:

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons carry out the response or action decided upon after processing information, similar to how undercover officers act on the decision made by the detectives (who represent the processing unit in this analogy). Sensory neurons would be analogous to the informant bringing in information, dendrites receive signals in a neuron (not applicable in this analogy), and interneurons would represent the connections and processing within the neural network (the detectives' meeting and decision-making process).

Question 8

_____ endings in our eyes are sensitive to light.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for receiving and transmitting information from sensory receptors (such as those in the eye) to the central nervous system. In the eye, sensory neurons known as photoreceptor cells are responsible for detecting light and converting it into electrical signals that can be sent to the brain for processing. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it accurately identifies the type of neuron responsible for light sensitivity in the eye.

Question 9

Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose that detect chemical odorants are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptor neurons are sensory neurons because they are responsible for detecting chemical odorants and transmitting this sensory information to the brain. Motor neurons control muscle movements, interneurons facilitate communication between neurons, and Purkinje neurons are involved in motor coordination in the cerebellum.

Question 10

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:

Accepted Answer

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is known as a synapse.

Question 11

Loss of feeling in the limbs,partial blindness,and difficulty in coordinated movement may indicate a(n)_____ disease such as _____.

Accepted Answer

Loss of feeling in the limbs, partial blindness, and difficulty in coordinated movement indicate a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis. Atherosclerotic diseases are related to the buildup of plaque in the arteries and may result in cardiovascular problems. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures, and Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disorder that affects memory and cognitive function. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder that affects movement and coordination.

Question 12

_____ carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles, causing them to contract and produce movement. Interneurons are responsible for transmitting signals within the spinal cord, while sensory neurons carry signals from the sensory receptors in the body to the spinal cord and brain. Purkinje neurons are located in the cerebellum of the brain and are involved in controlling motor coordination and balance.

Question 13

The myelin sheath is analogous to which piece of electronic equipment?

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath functions to insulate the axon, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical impulses, much like the insulation around wires in electronic equipment.

Question 14

The insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon of many neurons is called the:

Accepted Answer

The fatty insulating layer that covers the axon of many neurons is called the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is formed by specialized glial cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The myelin sheath helps to increase the speed and efficiency of nerve impulse transmission along the axon.

Question 15

Which sequence shows components of neurotransmission in order of most to least abundant in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

Synapses are the junctions between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, making them the most abundant component of neurotransmission. Glial cells play a supportive role in the brain, but are less abundant than synapses. Neurons are the least abundant component since they are the individual cells that make up the brain.

Question 16

The myelin wrapped around an axon serves:

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath serves to increase the efficiency of transmission of the neuron by allowing faster and more efficient conduction of nerve impulses along the axon. It does this by insulating the axon and preventing the leakage of electrical currents which would slow down transmission. It also speeds up transmission by forcing the electrical current to jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process known as saltatory conduction.

Question 17

A copper wire is to rubber insulation as a(n)_____ is to a _____.

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath acts as insulation for axons in the same way that rubber insulation covers and protects a copper wire.

Question 18

An informant brings a tip to a police department about suspicious activity at the docks.After detectives meet and process this information,they decide that the best course of action is to send undercover officers to the scene.If the police department were a neural network,the informant would be functioning as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Just like sensory neurons detect stimuli from the environment and send that information to the brain for processing, the informant in this scenario is detecting suspicious activity and bringing that information to the police department for processing.

Question 19

Anne has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the brain receives the stimulation,and it and the spinal cord are functioning normally.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, causing them to contract and produce movement. Therefore, if Anne is having difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated, it is likely that the motor neurons that control her arm are affected.

Question 20

Which structures occur MOST often in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

Synapses occur most often in the human brain, as each neuron can form thousands of synapses with other neurons, leading to a vast number of synapses compared to the number of neurons, axons, or glial cells.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

The neurons that receive information from the external world and convey information through the spinal cord are called:

Motor neurons carry signals from the:

The synapse is the junction between:

Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?

Annette has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the spinal cord never receives the message from pressure detectors in the skin.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

_____ endings in our eyes are sensitive to light.

Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose that detect chemical odorants are examples of:

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:

Loss of feeling in the limbs,partial blindness,and difficulty in coordinated movement may indicate a(n) _ disease such as _.

_____ carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.

The myelin sheath is analogous to which piece of electronic equipment?

The insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon of many neurons is called the:

Which sequence shows components of neurotransmission in order of most to least abundant in the human brain?

The myelin wrapped around an axon serves:

A copper wire is to rubber insulation as a(n) _ is to a _.

Anne has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the brain receives the stimulation,and it and the spinal cord are functioning normally.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

Which structures occur MOST often in the human brain?

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

The neurons that receive information from the external world and convey information through the spinal cord are called:

Motor neurons carry signals from the:

The synapse is the junction between:

Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?

Annette has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the spinal cord never receives the message from pressure detectors in the skin.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

When a patient has multiple sclerosis,the patient cannot easily transmit information from neuron to neuron,which leads to difficulties with movement.The transmission of neurons is slowed down as a result of a deteriorating:

_____ endings in our eyes are sensitive to light.

Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose that detect chemical odorants are examples of:

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:

Loss of feeling in the limbs,partial blindness,and difficulty in coordinated movement may indicate a(n) _____ disease such as _____.

_____ carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.

The myelin sheath is analogous to which piece of electronic equipment?

The insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon of many neurons is called the:

Which sequence shows components of neurotransmission in order of most to least abundant in the human brain?

The myelin wrapped around an axon serves:

A copper wire is to rubber insulation as a(n) _____ is to a _____.

Anne has difficulty moving her arm when it is stimulated.Specifically,the brain receives the stimulation,and it and the spinal cord are functioning normally.Which type of neuron is probably affected?

Which structures occur MOST often in the human brain?

Loss of feeling in the limbs,partial blindness,and difficulty in coordinated movement may indicate a(n) _ disease such as _.

A copper wire is to rubber insulation as a(n) _ is to a _.