Question 1

Within psychology,psychoanalysis had its greatest influence on:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, is primarily focused on the clinical practice of understanding and treating psychological disorders. Therefore, its greatest influence is on clinical psychology and practice. While psychoanalysis has also influenced other areas of psychology, such as developmental psychology and social psychology, it is not considered to have as significant of an impact in those fields as it does in clinical psychology. Cognitive psychology, which focuses on understanding mental processes such as attention, perception, and memory, is not directly related to psychoanalysis.

Question 2

The importance of the clinical work of Charcot and Janet was MOST recognized by which psychologist?

Accepted Answer

William James, often considered the father of American psychology, was heavily influenced by the work of Charcot and Janet on the study of hysteria. He integrated their findings into his own theories on consciousness and the relationship between mind and body, recognizing their importance in the field of psychology.

Question 3

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings,thoughts,and behaviors is called:

Accepted Answer

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors is psychoanalytic theory, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. This theory posits that much of our behavior is driven by unconscious thoughts and desires that we are not aware of.

Question 4

The term _____ comes from the Latin word for womb.

Accepted Answer

The term "hysteria" comes from the Greek word for uterus, reflecting the historical belief that hysteria was a condition particular to women and caused by disturbances in the uterus.

Question 5

Freud termed the _____ as the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts,feelings,and actions.

Accepted Answer

Freud termed the unconscious as the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions. The preconscious refers to thoughts and memories that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily retrieved, while the subconscious is a more general term that can refer to both the preconscious and unconscious. The self-conscious refers to one's awareness of one's own attitudes, feelings, and behavior.

Question 6

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis proposed that behavior was governed, in part, by unconscious sexual desires, which was a highly controversial idea in American culture at the time. This conflicted with traditional values and beliefs, resulting in much criticism and debate.

Question 7

Anne reports that after a heated argument with her spouse,her left leg has become paralyzed,although there is no medical cause.Jean-Martin Charcot would treat Anne's condition with:

Accepted Answer

Jean-Martin Charcot was a famous French neurologist who used hypnosis to treat many of his patients. He believed that many physical symptoms could be caused by mental factors such as stress, anxiety, and emotional conflict. Therefore, given Anne's situation, Charcot would likely treat her condition with hypnosis in order to address the underlying psychological factors that may be contributing to her paralysis.

Question 8

Psychoanalysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that focuses on bringing unconscious material into consciousness, thereby allowing the individual to gain insight into their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This is achieved through techniques such as free association, dream analysis, and transference. The goal is to increase self-awareness and promote psychological growth and healing.

Thus, the correct option is C.

Question 9

Which pioneer of clinical psychology is associated with psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is considered the founder of psychoanalysis, a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts and emotions in behavior and mental health.

Question 10

Anne reports that after a heated argument with her spouse,her left leg has become paralyzed,although there is no medical cause.A clinician in the late 1800s would diagnose Anne with:

Accepted Answer

In the late 1800s, the term hysteria was used to diagnose women with unexplainable physical symptoms, often attributed to emotional distress or a lack of control over their emotions. Anne's paralysis is described as having no medical cause, and as such, would likely be classified as a case of hysteria, according to a clinician of this time period.

Question 11

In the late 1800s,Charcot and Janet noted that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients:

Accepted Answer

Charcot and Janet found that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients were hypnotized.

Question 12

Carrie is working with a patient to uncover the patient's early experiences as well as trying to bring unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness.Carrie is using which approach to work with her patient?

Accepted Answer

Carrie's approach of uncovering the patient's early experiences and bringing unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness is a key tenet of the psychoanalytic approach. This approach was developed by Sigmund Freud and focuses on exploring the unconscious mind to gain insight into psychological issues.

Question 13

Which psychologist was NOT part of the psychoanalytic movement?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers was not part of the psychoanalytic movement. He developed humanistic psychology, which emphasized the importance of empathy and unconditional positive regard in therapy. The other three options (Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung) were all part of the psychoanalytic movement.

Question 14

Which pioneer of clinical psychology studied with and was influenced by the works of Charcot?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, studied with Jean-Martin Charcot, a neurologist and founder of modern neurology, and was influenced by his work on hypnosis and hysteria. This influence played a significant role in shaping Freud's theories on the unconscious mind and psychoanalytic techniques.

Question 15

Freud emphasized that the problems of many patients could be traced to:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that many of his patients' problems could be traced back to repressed memories of painful childhood experiences, particularly those related to sexuality. He believed that these memories were stored in the unconscious mind and could only be accessed through psychoanalysis.

Question 16

William James believed that the peculiar disorders described by Charcot and Janet suggested that:

Accepted Answer

William James posited that the brain is capable of generating multiple conscious selves that operate independently of one another, a concept inspired by the disorders studied by Charcot and Janet, which often involved dissociative symptoms.

Question 17

Professor Morales adopts a psychoanalytic conceptualization of personality.She believes that different personality types:

Accepted Answer

According to the psychoanalytic approach, personality arises from attempting to meet the needs of unconscious sexual and aggressive desires. This includes the development of defense mechanisms to cope with anxiety and to protect the individual from painful thoughts and emotions. Therefore, personality types are not inherently genetic or simply learned behaviors but rather stem from the unconscious mind.

Question 18

Dr.Rivera believes that psychological disorders arise largely from unconscious processes.In his work with clients,he tries to pull repressed memories out of the unconscious and into the light of day where they can be resolved.Dr.Gomez adopts a _____ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Rivera's approach to therapy involves pulling repressed memories out of the unconscious, which is a hallmark of psychoanalytic therapy. The other options (cognitive, Gestalt, humanistic) do not involve the exploration of the unconscious in the same way.

Question 19

A trance-like state characterized by suggestibility is termed:

Accepted Answer

The trance-like state characterized by suggestibility is typically referred to as hypnosis.

Question 20

Professor Malone believes that much of human behavior is governed by unconscious sexual desires.Her conceptual framework is MOST consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Professor Malone's belief in unconscious sexual desires is consistent with psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the role of subconscious and unconscious motivation in behavior. Behaviorism (A) focuses on observable behavior rather than internal states, humanism (C) emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, and functionalism (D) focuses on the adaptive purpose of behavior.

Quiz 1: Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A