Question 1

Instinct approaches to motivation have faded because they lacked the goal of _________ in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Instinct approaches offered descriptions rather than explanations of behavior.

Question 2

Early in psychology's history Charles Darwin,William James,and others proposed that motivation was a result of:

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin and William James proposed that motivation was a result of instincts, which are innate tendencies that determine behavior.

Question 3

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

Accepted Answer

This behavior contradicts drive-reduction theory because there is no drive to be reduced if you are not hungry

Question 4

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.This psychologist's approach most closely matches ______ theory.

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory says that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.

Question 5

What do we call biologically determined,unlearned patterns of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biologically determined, unlearned patterns of behavior are known as instincts. Drives refer to internal states that compel individuals to act in a certain way, incentives refer to external motivators that encourage behavior, and emotions are subjective feelings that arise in response to a particular stimulus.

Question 6

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called:

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to maintain a stable, constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This is achieved through various physiological mechanisms such as temperature regulation, blood sugar regulation, and pH balance, among others. Maintaining homeostasis is crucial for the body to function properly and keep a healthy balance.

Question 7

__________ theory encompasses the idea that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of stimulation or stimulation.

Accepted Answer

The theory of arousal suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of excitement or arousal. Some individuals seek out activities or situations that provide high levels of arousal, while others seek out activities or situations that are less stimulating. This theory helps to explain why individuals engage in certain activities or seek out certain experiences.

Question 8

An instinct is a tendency that is:

Accepted Answer

An instinct is an innate, unlearned characteristic behavior that is often present from birth. It is not taught or conditioned, and may be difficult to control or suppress.

Question 9

The chief function of homeostasis is to:

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This is achieved through various physiological processes that help to maintain a steady state of the body's internal conditions such as temperature, pH, and blood glucose levels. Therefore, the chief function of homeostasis is to maintain a steady state. The other options (A, C, and D) are not directly related to the concept of homeostasis.

Question 10

The process by which activities are guided and maintained so that goals are met is called:

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors, ensuring that activities are directed towards achieving specific objectives.

Question 11

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Thermostats change to keep a room at a constant or steady temperature.

Question 12

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst,and return the body to a state of balance,is called ______ theory.

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory explains that human behavior is motivated to eliminate or reduce aversive bodily states such as hunger, thirst or pain. It proposes that the internal physiological needs produce negative feelings called drives or tensions, and our behavior is motivated to reduce this tension and restore balance in the body, leading to a state of homeostasis.

Question 13

In arousal theory,people are said to have a(n)__________ level of tension.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal or tension that is neither too high nor too low. This optimal level may vary from person to person and from situation to situation.

Question 14

According to drive-reduction theory,what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

Accepted Answer

Drive reduction predicts that behaviors reduce tension created by needs.

Question 15

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn provide an example of:

Accepted Answer

Salmon are biologically determined to swim upstream; thus,the behavior is instinctual.

Question 16

An internal state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A drive is an internal state of tension created by biological needs, and it motivates individuals to act in ways that reduce this tension. Emotions are subjective experiences often triggered by external stimuli, impulses are sudden urges to act on a desire or temptation, and instincts are innate behaviors that are triggered by specific stimuli in the environment.

Question 17

__________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs,such as those for food and water.

Accepted Answer

A drive is a psychological state of tension that results from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food, water, or sleep. This tension motivates an organism to engage in behavior that will satisfy the need and reduce the drive.

Question 18

In the early twentieth century,psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to:

Accepted Answer

In the early twentieth century, psychologists believed that behavior was primarily motivated by innate instincts that were inherited through evolution.

Question 19

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors.From the perspective of arousal theory,Dr.Jones would be described as high in a characteristic known as:

Accepted Answer

Indiana Jones looks for intense,novel,and varied experiences.

Question 20

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says:

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that performance on a task is affected by levels of arousal. Specifically, it suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for a task, and performance will decrease if arousal levels are too low or too high.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion