Question 1

Dumping is the exporting of environmentally polluting goods to a foreign market.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

The principle of comity basically refers to legal reciprocity.

Accepted Answer

The principle of comity is based on the idea of mutual respect and recognition of the laws and judgments of another country, often in cases involving international law or cross-border disputes. It is essentially a principle of legal reciprocity, and seeks to promote cooperation and harmonization between different legal systems.

Question 3

Expropriation occurs when a government seizes a privately owned business or privately owned goods for a proper public purpose and awards just compensation.

Accepted Answer

Expropriation is a legal process whereby a government seizes private property or assets for a proper public purpose and compensates the owner fairly.

Question 4

The International Court of Justice normally has authority to settle legal disputes only when nations voluntarily submit to its jurisdiction.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The International Court of Justice does not have compulsory jurisdiction, meaning that nations must give their consent to have their legal disputes settled by the court. However, there are some limited circumstances where the court can assume jurisdiction without voluntary consent, such as when two countries have agreed to submit a dispute to the court or when a treaty or international agreement specifically grants the court jurisdiction.

Question 5

A foreign state is always immune from the jurisdiction of U.S.courts unless the state is involved in commercial activity within the United States.

Accepted Answer

A foreign state may be immune from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts even if involved in commercial activity. However, there are exceptions to immunity for certain types of cases, such as cases based on commercial activity, terrorism, or violations of international law.

Question 6

Franchising is a form of licensing.

Accepted Answer

Franchising involves granting a franchisee the right to operate a business under a franchisor's brand and business model, and typically includes ongoing training, support, and use of proprietary products and services. This is a type of licensing agreement where the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to use their intellectual property, such as trademarks and trade secrets, in exchange for fees and royalties. Therefore, franchising is a form of licensing.

Question 7

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act broadly defines commercial activity.

Accepted Answer

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) defines commercial activity as any type of business or commercial transaction that an individual or a private entity might engage in. This definition is intentionally broad, with the aim of providing a wide range of opportunities for the US courts to exercise jurisdiction over foreign states that engage in commercial activity within the United States.

Question 8

International contracts rarely include arbitration clauses.

Accepted Answer

International contracts often include arbitration clauses to provide a means for resolution of disputes that may arise. Arbitration is considered a more cost-effective and efficient alternative to litigation in international disputes.

Question 9

The doctrine of sovereign immunity provides that only a head of state can make treaties with another nation.

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of sovereign immunity refers to the principle that a sovereign state cannot be sued in the courts of another state without its consent, not to the making of treaties.

Question 10

Generally,U.S.employers abroad must abide by U.S.discrimination laws unless to do so would violate the laws of the country where their workplaces are located.

Accepted Answer

This is generally true, as U.S. employers operating abroad must comply with U.S. discrimination laws unless to do so would violate local laws or regulations. For example, if a country where the employer operates allows mandatory retirement at a younger age than U.S. law, the employer may be able to establish a mandatory retirement policy that would otherwise be considered age discrimination in the U.S. context. However, in other cases, the employer may need to modify its policies and practices to ensure compliance with U.S. law, even if such changes are not mandated by local requirements.

Question 11

Some countries provide insurance for their citizens' investments abroad.

Accepted Answer

Some countries have government programs that offer political risk insurance for their citizens' investments made abroad. This type of insurance typically covers losses resulting from political instability, expropriation, or similar risks. However, such programs may have specific eligibility criteria and coverage limits.

Question 12

Foreign citizens can bring civil suits in U.S.courts for injuries caused by violations of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.

Accepted Answer

This is a principle of international law known as the Alien Tort Statute, which allows foreign citizens to bring civil suits in U.S. courts for certain violations of international law.

Question 13

Few countries guarantee compensation to foreign investors if their property is taken.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Few countries guarantee compensation to foreign investors...

Question 14

An international custom can be defined as "evidence of a general practice accepted as law."

Accepted Answer

An international custom is indeed defined as "evidence of a general practice accepted as law." This definition is widely accepted in international law.

Question 15

International law requires nations to honor the actions of other nations.

Accepted Answer

International law does not require nations to honor all actions of other nations; it sets rules and principles for international relations, but compliance is often based on treaties, agreements, and mutual recognition.

Question 16

To restrict or encourage exports,Congress can set quotas on various items,such as grain being sold abroad.

Accepted Answer

Congress has the power to set quotas on various items to restrict or encourage exports, including grain being sold abroad.

Question 17

The importation of goods that infringe U.S.patents is not prohibited.

Accepted Answer

Importing goods that infringe on U.S. patents is prohibited under U.S. law, specifically under the International Trade Commission's regulations, which can issue exclusion orders to prevent such imports.

Question 18

The act of state doctrine provides that the judicial branch of one country will examine the validity of public acts committed by a recognized foreign government within the latter's own territory.

Accepted Answer

The act of state doctrine actually provides that the judicial branch of one country will not examine the validity of public acts committed by a recognized foreign government within the latter's own territory.

Question 19

Each member of the World Trade Organization is obligated to treat other members at least as well as it treats the country that receives its most favorable treatment with regard to imports or exports.

Accepted Answer

This concept is known as "Most-Favored-Nation treatment" and is one of the core principles of the WTO. It means that each member country must extend the same trade preferences to all other members, without discrimination or preference for certain countries.

Question 20

The major difference between international law and national law is that government authorities can enforce national law.

Accepted Answer

National law is enacted and enforced by government authorities within their jurisdiction, while international law lacks a centralized enforcement mechanism and relies on states to voluntarily comply with its principles and norms.

Quiz 24: International Law in a Global Economy