Question 1

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s).
A)lymphatic
B)urinary
C)digestive
D)cardiovascular
E)urinary and cardiovascular

Accepted Answer

The digestive system is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from food into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system.
A)endocrine
B)cardiovascular
C)respiratory
D)lymphatic
E)digestive

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream to various target organs to elicit long-term changes in their activities. This includes regulating growth, metabolism, reproduction, and response to stress. The other organ systems listed have more immediate functions such as transporting oxygen (cardiovascular), exchanging gas (respiratory), fighting infections (lymphatic), and processing food (digestive).

Question 3

Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules?
A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)white blood cells
E)red blood cells

Accepted Answer

Fat cells, also known as adipocytes, are spherical and contain energy molecules in the form of fat or lipids.

Question 4

Which organ system transports nutrients,metabolic wastes,gases,and defense cells?
A)cardiovascular
B)digestive
C)muscular
D)respiratory
E)urinary

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and defense cells such as white blood cells throughout the body via the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

Question 5

Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system.
A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine
E)skeletal and muscular

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands, and provides a physical barrier to protect the body from environmental hazards such as pathogens, UV radiation, and chemicals.

Question 6

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood,which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning.This observation supports the view that
A)all organisms are composed of cells.
B)all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C)chemical molecules make up cells.
D)blood has magical properties.
E)congenital defects can be life-threatening.

Accepted Answer

The observation that a chemical imbalance in the blood can cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning supports the view that all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. This means that the functioning of one system or component is dependent on the proper functioning of other systems or components. In this case, the heart is dependent on the proper chemical balance in the blood to function, and the cessation of heart functioning in turn affects the functioning of other organs and tissues in the body.

Question 7

________ is the study of tissue structures.
A)Gross anatomy
B)Pathology
C)Biology
D)Microbiology
E)Histology

Accepted Answer

Histology is the study of tissue structures, including their composition, functions, and relationships with other tissues. Gross anatomy deals with the study of the body's structures visible with the naked eye, while pathology focuses on the study of diseases and their effects on tissues and organs. Biology is a general term referring to the study of living organisms, and microbiology is the study of microorganisms.

Question 8

Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there?
A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)nervous cells
E)blood cells

Accepted Answer

Bone cells, specifically osteoclasts and osteoblasts, are responsible for recycling calcium and phosphate stored in bone tissue. Osteoclasts break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream, while osteoblasts deposit new bone tissue and incorporate calcium and phosphate from the bloodstream into the new tissue.

Question 9

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
A)function; form
B)form; structure
C)structure; function
D)structure; form
E)growth; form

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the physical structure of organisms, while physiology is the study of the functions and processes of those structures. Therefore, choice C - structure; function - is the best answer to fill in the blanks.

Question 10

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? A)cellular,tissue,molecular,system,organ,organism B)molecular,cellular,tissue,organ,system,organism C)tissue,cellular,molecular,organ,system,organism D)organ,organism,molecular,cellular,tissue,system E)organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular,molecular

Accepted Answer

The correct order from the most complex to the simplest is: organism (an individual living entity), system (a group of organs working together), organ (a part of the body with a specific function), tissue (a group of similar cells performing a specific function), cellular (pertaining to cells), and molecular (pertaining to molecules). This sequence is accurately represented in option E.

Question 11

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed
A)positive feedback.
B)homeostasis.
C)negative feedback.
D)effector control.
E)integration.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the ability of a living organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This is achieved through a balance of feedback mechanisms, such as negative feedback, which works by reversing changes and bringing them back to a set point to maintain stability. Positive feedback and effector control are also involved in the regulation of homeostasis, but they do not encompass the overall concept. Integration refers to the processing and coordination of information within the body, which is necessary for maintaining homeostasis, but is not the specific term for this process.

Question 12

Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?
A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)white blood cells
E)red blood cells

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and pick up carbon dioxide to bring back to the lungs to be exhaled. Bone cells, fat cells, muscle cells, and white blood cells do not play a significant role in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 13

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated,it is often said that "form determines ________."
A)anatomy
B)physiology
C)structure
D)function
E)biology

Accepted Answer

The interrelatedness of anatomy and physiology means that the form (or structure) of a body part determines its function (or physiology). This is a basic principle in the field of biology and is often referred to as the "structure-function relationship".

Question 14

Which organ system provides support,protection of soft tissue,mineral storage,and blood formation?
A)integumentary
B)muscular
C)skeletal
D)nervous
E)endocrine

Accepted Answer

The skeletal system provides support for the body, protects soft tissues and organs (i.e. the brain, heart, lungs), stores minerals (i.e. calcium and phosphorus), and produces blood cells in the bone marrow. The integumentary system provides a barrier for the body and helps regulate body temperature. The muscular system allows for movement and supports the skeletal system. The nervous system allows for communication and control of bodily functions. The endocrine system helps regulate hormones and bodily functions. Therefore, the skeletal system is the best choice for the given functions.

Question 15

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body?
A)connective tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)epithelial tissue
D)bone tissue
E)nervous tissue

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body. This tissue also lines internal organs, such as the stomach and intestines.

Question 16

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
A)cardiovascular
B)lymphatic
C)respiratory
D)digestive
E)endocrine

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the bloodstream through the process of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen is taken in through inhalation and carbon dioxide is released during exhalation.

Question 17

What is the smallest living level of organization?
A)cellular level
B)chemical level
C)organ level
D)organ system level
E)tissue level

Accepted Answer

The cellular level is the smallest living level of organization because it refers to a single biological cell, which is the basic unit of life. At the cellular level, cells carry out all necessary functions for life, such as metabolism and reproduction. The other options (chemical level, organ level, organ system level, and tissue level) all involve multiple cells or multiple levels of organization above the cellular level.

Question 18

Which of the following cell types is long,slender and makes contractions?
A)red blood cells
B)bone cells
C)fat cells
D)muscle cells
E)white blood cells

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells, also known as myocytes, are long, slender cells that are specialized for making contractions. Red blood cells, bone cells, fat cells, and white blood cells do not have the same shape or function as muscle cells.

Question 19

The central principle of physiology is
A)nutrition.
B)reflexes.
C)homeostasis.
D)stimulation.
E)temperature regulation.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the central principle of physiology, which refers to the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This requires physiological processes such as regulating body temperature, pH, blood pressure, and fluid balance. Nutrition, reflexes, stimulation, and temperature regulation are all important aspects of physiology, but they are ultimately related to maintaining homeostasis.

Question 20

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support?
A)connective tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)epithelial tissue
D)bone tissue
E)nervous tissue

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is known for filling internal spaces and providing structural support. Examples of connective tissues include cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and blood. Muscle tissue is responsible for motion, epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces, and nervous tissue is responsible for communication and control.

Quiz 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s) .

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system.

Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules?

Which organ system transports nutrients,metabolic wastes,gases,and defense cells?

Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system.

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood,which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning.This observation supports the view that

________ is the study of tissue structures.

Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there?

Anatomy is to as physiology is to .

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated,it is often said that "form determines ________."

Which organ system provides support,protection of soft tissue,mineral storage,and blood formation?

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body?

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

What is the smallest living level of organization?

Which of the following cell types is long,slender and makes contractions?

The central principle of physiology is

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support?