Question 1

Negotiating to a(n)__________ solution is the key to conflict resolution in project management.
A)win-lose
B)win-win
C)avoidance
D)confrontation

Accepted Answer

A win-win solution is the best choice for conflict resolution in project management because it involves both parties finding a mutually beneficial outcome. This approach promotes cooperation, communication, and a long-term relationship between the parties. In contrast, win-lose solutions can create bitterness and resentment, while avoidance and confrontation can lead to a breakdown in communication and make the conflict worse.

Question 2

One requirement for the conflict / resolution methods described is that they must allow the conflict to be settled without __________ to the project's objectives.
A)an increase
B)resolution
C)significance
D)irreparable harm

Accepted Answer

The requirement states that the conflict resolution method must allow the conflict to be settled without causing irreparable harm to the project's objectives. Therefore, the best choice is D, "irreparable harm." The other choices do not accurately complete the sentence or make sense in the context of the requirement.

Question 3

The process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control is called __________.
A)negotiation
B)mitigation
C)compromising
D)collaboration

Accepted Answer

Negotiation is the process of reaching a mutually agreed-upon solution between two or more parties. It involves both sides exchanging proposals and making concessions until an acceptable rate of exchange is reached. Mitigation is the process of reducing the severity or intensity of something, and compromising involves both sides giving up something to reach a middle ground, while collaboration involves both parties working together to achieve a common goal. None of these options fully capture the concept of exchanging items for an acceptable rate. Therefore, the best choice is A) negotiation.

Question 4

A(n)__________ is simply a written agreement between the PM,senior management,and the functional managers who are committing resources and / or people to the project.
A)project charter
B)project summary
C)scope plan
D)partner agreement

Accepted Answer

A project charter is a written agreement between the Project Manager, senior management, and functional managers committing resources and people to the project. It outlines the project's objectives, scope, stakeholders, deliverables, and timelines, providing direction and guidance throughout the project's lifecycle. Option B) project summary is not a standard project management term. Option C) scope plan is a part of the project charter and not the charter itself. Option D) partner agreement refers to a legal agreement between two organizations and not the project team.

Question 5

__________ is the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated,or is about to frustrate,some concern of his.
A)Conflict
B)Happiness
C)Contentment
D)Utility

Accepted Answer

Conflict is the process that arises when one party perceives that the other has frustrated or is about to frustrate his concern. This perception could be driven by a range of factors, including differences in personality, values, goals, or interests, as well as miscommunications, misunderstandings, or power imbalances.

Question 6

__________ refers to communications across lines of equivalent authority.
A)Lateral relations
B)Interfacing
C)Peering
D)Logical relations

Accepted Answer

Lateral relations refer to communication and interaction among individuals and teams who are at the same level of authority within an organization, such as communication between colleagues in the same department or between different departments at the same level. Interfacing, on the other hand, refers to the interaction between different systems or components to enable communication and exchange of information between them. Peering generally refers to the interconnection of two or more autonomous systems for the purpose of exchanging traffic. Logical relations refer to the relationships among different elements or components within a system or network.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the four points of principled negotiation?
A)Insist on using objective criteria.
B)Focus on interest not positions.
C)Invent options for mutual gain before trying to reach an agreement.
D)Separate people from the problem.

Accepted Answer

The four points of principled negotiation are: 
1) Separate people from the problem
2) Focus on interests, not positions 
3) Invent options for mutual gain before trying to reach an agreement 
4) Insist on using objective criteria. Choice C is similar to point 3, but it is not one of the four specific points outlined in the concept of principled negotiation.

Question 8

According to the authors,the favored technique for resolving conflict is __________.
A)negotiation
B)mitigation
C)avoidance
D)collaboration

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the authors,the favored technique for...

Question 9

During the early program phases of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.
A)cost
B)human resource management
C)time
D)priorities

Accepted Answer

During the early phases of a project, conflicts often arise over priorities as team members and stakeholders work to align their goals and objectives.

Question 10

Partnering is an attempt to __________ the risk associated with sub-contracting.
A)mitigate
B)increase
C)absorb
D)allow

Accepted Answer

Partnering is a strategy used to mitigate or reduce the risk associated with sub-contracting. By partnering with another company, the risks can be shared and mitigated together, resulting in a better outcome for both parties.

Question 11

__________ is a method of transforming contractual relationships into a cohesive,cooperative project team with a single set of goals and established procedures for resolving disputes in a timely and effective manner.
A)Project mentoring
B)Project delving
C)Project partnering
D)Pareto analysis

Accepted Answer

The given description describes the concept of project partnering, which is a method used in project management to transform contractual relationships into a cooperative project team. It involves establishing a single set of goals for the project and creating procedures for prompt and effective conflict resolution. Project mentoring, project delving, and Pareto analysis are not relevant to the given description.

Question 12

The total level of conflict in the project lifecycle is highest during the __________ stage.
A)closing
B)main program
C)project build-up
D)project formation

Accepted Answer

The project build-up stage is where the project team is being formed, goals and objectives are being set, and resources are being allocated. This phase can be the most uncertain and stressful as team members may have different expectations and there may be limited resources available. This can lead to conflicts between team members about priorities, timelines, and responsibilities. As the project progresses, conflicts tend to decrease as the team becomes more cohesive and the goals become clearer.

Question 13

Toward the end of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.
A)cost
B)schedules
C)scope
D)quality

Accepted Answer

Thamhain et al state that conflict intensity increases as the project approaches its deadline as stakeholders become more concerned about delays in meeting project schedules. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 14

During the main program phases of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.
A)cost
B)schedules
C)scope
D)quality

Accepted Answer

Thamhain et al. suggest that the conflict intensity is greatest with respect to schedules during the main program phases of the project lifecycle. This is because schedules are typically tight and have multiple dependencies, making it difficult to meet all the deadlines and milestones without causing conflicts between team members or other stakeholders.

Question 15

The boundaries between departments or functions represent __________.
A)interfaces
B)challenges
C)Pareto locations
D)risk mitigation

Accepted Answer

The term "interfaces" refers to the boundaries between departments or functions, representing areas where different parts of the organization come together to exchange information, coordinate activities, and work towards common goals. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B and D are not relevant to the given context. Option C refers to Pareto analysis, which is a technique for identifying the most important factors or elements in a system, and is not directly related to the question.

Question 16

Before the goals of the shareholders can be aligned with the purpose of the project,the ____________ must be identified.
A)risks
B)costs
C)stakeholders
D)quality

Accepted Answer

In order to align the goals of the shareholders with the purpose of the project, it is crucial to identify the stakeholders involved. Understanding the needs and expectations of stakeholders, such as customers, employees, investors, and suppliers, can help ensure that the project meets its purpose while also satisfying the needs of shareholders. While identifying risks, costs, and quality are important steps in project management, they do not directly relate to aligning shareholder goals with project purpose.

Question 17

__________ refers to unauthorized modifications to the project plan.In many cases,the projects get larger.
A)Scope mitigation
B)Scope positioning
C)Scope interfacing
D)Scope creep

Accepted Answer

Scope creep refers to unauthorized modifications or additions to the project scope or plan that are not formally approved. In most cases, these changes result in the project getting larger, which can have a significant impact on the project timeline, budget, and overall success. Scope creep is a common challenge in project management, and it can be mitigated through effective communication, stakeholder engagement, and project scope documentation.

Question 18

The __________ approach to negotiation aims to achieve a win-win result.
A)Principled
B)Positional
C)Stakeholder
D)Pareto

Accepted Answer

The principled approach, also known as the interest-based or integrative approach, aims to identify and address the underlying interests and needs of both parties involved in the negotiation. This approach seeks to create value through collaboration and joint problem-solving, resulting in a mutually beneficial outcome, rather than a zero-sum competition. The other options (B, C, D) do not focus on the mutual benefit or collaborative problem-solving aspect of negotiation.

Question 19

The __________ approach to negotiation states immediate wants on the assumption that the environment is static.
A)Principled
B)Positional
C)Stakeholder
D)Pareto

Accepted Answer

The positional approach to negotiation involves immediately stating one's wants or positions without considering the needs and interests of the other party. This approach assumes that the environment is static, meaning that there is a fixed or limited amount of resources or options. It is often seen as an adversarial and win-lose approach to negotiation. The other options, including principled negotiation, stakeholder approach, and Pareto approach, involve a more collaborative and problem-solving approach to negotiation.

Question 20

The general objective of a __________ solution to conflict is to find a solution such that no party can be made better off without making another party worse off by the same amount or more.
A)mitigation
B)Pareto-optimal
C)win-win
D)compromising

Accepted Answer

Pareto-optimal solution is a solution where no party can be made better off without making another party worse off by the same amount or more.

Quiz 4: Negotiation and the Management of Conflict

Negotiating to a(n) __________ solution is the key to conflict resolution in project management.

One requirement for the conflict / resolution methods described is that they must allow the conflict to be settled without __________ to the project's objectives.

The process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control is called __________.

A(n) __________ is simply a written agreement between the PM,senior management,and the functional managers who are committing resources and / or people to the project.

__________ is the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated,or is about to frustrate,some concern of his.

__________ refers to communications across lines of equivalent authority.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four points of principled negotiation?

According to the authors,the favored technique for resolving conflict is __________.

During the early program phases of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.

Partnering is an attempt to __________ the risk associated with sub-contracting.

__________ is a method of transforming contractual relationships into a cohesive,cooperative project team with a single set of goals and established procedures for resolving disputes in a timely and effective manner.

The total level of conflict in the project lifecycle is highest during the __________ stage.

Toward the end of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.

During the main program phases of the project lifecycle,Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to __________.

The boundaries between departments or functions represent __________.

Before the goals of the shareholders can be aligned with the purpose of the project,the ____________ must be identified.

__________ refers to unauthorized modifications to the project plan.In many cases,the projects get larger.

The __________ approach to negotiation aims to achieve a win-win result.

The __________ approach to negotiation states immediate wants on the assumption that the environment is static.

The general objective of a __________ solution to conflict is to find a solution such that no party can be made better off without making another party worse off by the same amount or more.