The textbook reports in some detail a quasi-experiment or field study of nursing home residents in Connecticut. The independent or manipulated variable in this experiment was

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The level of responsibility given to nursing home residents is a variable that can be manipulated by the researchers to observe its effects on outcomes, making it the independent or manipulated variable in this context. Other options like scores on a pessimism scale, eating/sleeping/mood scores, or the floor on which they lived are not typically manipulated by researchers but rather observed or measured.

The Textbook Reports in Some Detail a Quasi-Experiment or Field