Researcher X argues that authoritative parenting and inductive discipline will almost always lead to more adaptive developmental outcomes for children than other forms of parenting/discipline. Researcher Y disagrees, arguing that the favorability of outcomes will depend upon the "goodness-of-fit" between the child's characteristics and the practices parents use. Researcher X apparently focuses heavily on _____ patterns of development, whereas Researcher Y sees development as more of a(n) _____ enterprise.

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Researcher X emphasizes normative patterns of development, suggesting a general rule that applies broadly, while Researcher Y highlights the importance of individual differences (idiosyncratic) in development, indicating that outcomes depend on the unique fit between parenting practices and the child's characteristics.

Researcher X Argues That Authoritative Parenting and Inductive Discipline Will