Studies of the Relationship Between Cognitive Development and Moral Reasoning

Studies of the relationship between cognitive development and moral reasoning indicate that

A) formal operators always base moral judgments on abstract moral principles
B) adherence to concrete moral norms is clear evidence of a concrete cognitive level
C) formal operations are necessary but not sufficient for postconventional morality
D) reciprocal role-taking skills are necessary and sufficient for conventional morality
E) formal operations are necessary but not sufficient for postconventional morality and reciprocal role-taking skills are necessary and sufficient for conventional morality