Question 1

John occasionally has a romantic partner but expresses little concern about the prospect of not having one all that important. According to "working models" theory, John has probably experienced _____ attachments that reflect his _____ working model of self and _____ working model of others.

Accepted Answer

John's lack of concern about not having a romantic partner suggests an avoidant attachment style, which is characterized by a positive working model of self (indicating self-sufficiency) and a negative working model of others (indicating a belief that others are not reliable or not worth getting close to).

Question 2

Recent cognitive explanations portray the character or quality of a child's attachments as an outgrowth of internal working models that the child forms about

Accepted Answer

Recent cognitive explanations suggest that a child's attachments are formed through internal working models that involve both the self and other people. These models are developed through a variety of experiences and interactions throughout a child's life, and they shape the child's perception of themselves, others, and their relationships.

Question 3

According to Bowlby's working-models theory, infants who construct positive working models of themselves and their caregivers should form _____ primary attachments.

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's working-models theory, infants who construct positive working models of themselves and their caregivers will form secure attachments.

Question 4

Infants are more inclined to form a secure attachment to their fathers when fathers

Accepted Answer

Infants are more likely to form a secure attachment to their fathers when their fathers have positive attitudes about parenting and spend a lot of time with them. While being in an unhappy marriage may lead fathers to turn to their infants for affection, it is not a positive or sustainable strategy for building a secure attachment. Therefore, choice E is not the best option.

Question 5

An infant who can consistently attract attention that turns out to be insensitive or overintrusive should form a _____ working model of self _____ working model of others, thus forming a(n) _____ attachment.

Accepted Answer

An infant who can consistently attract attention that turns out to be insensitive or overintrusive should form a positive working model of self and a negative working model of others, thus forming an avoidant attachment.

Question 6

According to the "working models" explanation of attachment, a child will construct a positive cognitive representation of the self if she

Accepted Answer

A child constructs a positive cognitive representation of the self if she can elicit sensitive caregiving when needed, as this reinforces her sense of worth and security.

Question 7

Jennifer displays a preoccupation with establishing intimacy with her partners and often pushes them to make strong emotional commitments to her. According to research and "working models" theory Jennifer has a _____ working model of self and a _____ working model of others.

Accepted Answer

Jennifer's behavior suggests she has a negative working model of self, as indicated by her preoccupation with establishing intimacy and pushing for strong emotional commitments, which can reflect fears of not being worthy of love or being inadequate. However, her efforts to seek closeness and assurance from her partners suggest she has a positive working model of others, believing they are capable of providing love and support.

Question 8

Infants who are securely attached to their fathers

Accepted Answer

Infants who are securely attached to their fathers are less emotionally conflicted around strangers than are infants who are insecurely attached to their fathers. This is because a secure attachment with the father provides a sense of safety and security that reduces the infant's anxiety in unfamiliar situations. Being securely attached to the mother may also contribute to the infant's overall sense of security, but a secure attachment with the father can develop independently.

Question 9

Fathers

Accepted Answer

Fathers play a significant role in a child's development from birth, not just during the preschool period, and they can be proficient at soothing their distressed infants and toddlers, as well as being effective playmates.

Question 10

Fathers play little if any meaningful role in an infant's or toddler's _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that fathers can play a meaningful role in each of the domains listed. For example, fathers who engage in play with their infants and toddlers can promote social competencies with peers, fathers who are involved in caring for their children can contribute to their emotional self-regulation, and fathers who are sensitive and responsive to their children's needs can help their children develop responsiveness to strangers.

Question 11

In general, research indicates that children who were securely attached during infancy are _____ , compared to other youngsters who were insecurely attached.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that children who were securely attached during infancy are more socially skilled, more interested in learning, and more likely to have close friends than children who were insecurely attached.

Question 12

A secure attachment to the father

Accepted Answer

A secure attachment to the father can provide a compensatory experience for children who are insecurely attached to the mother. It can contribute positively to the child's development and help to offset the negative effects of insecure attachment to the mother. Research indicates that a secure attachment to the father can provide a basis for healthy social and emotional development in children.

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the stability (or instability) of attachment quality over time?

Accepted Answer

Both secure and insecure attachments have shown the potential to change if the responsiveness (or lack thereof) of the attachment figure changes dramatically. This means that although early attachment experiences can have a significant impact on later attachments, there is always the possibility for change and growth in attachment relationships over time. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that once a secure attachment, always a secure attachment or that once attachments become insecure, they almost always remain insecure.

Question 14

The "working models" of self and others that infants construct from their interactions with primary caregivers

Accepted Answer

The working models of self and others that infants construct from their interactions with primary caregivers often reflect the working models of their own primary caregivers and can affect the character of their close emotional ties to other people later in life.

Question 15

Preschool correlates of insecure infant attachments include

Accepted Answer

Insecure infant attachments can lead to social and emotional withdrawal in preschool. Option A is more indicative of a child with a secure attachment who has a sense of confidence in social situations. Option B and D do not have a clear correlation with insecure infant attachments.

Question 16

From another toddler's point of view whereas those who are _____ are apt to be highly aggressive playmates whom peers often reject.

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is generally associated with positive social behaviors, whereas disorganized/disoriented attachment can lead to higher levels of aggression in children, making them more likely to be rejected by peers.

Question 17

An infant who sometimes can but often cannot elicit the sensitive care she needs is likely to form a _____ working model of self and a positive working model of others, thus forming a _____ attachment.

Accepted Answer

An infant who struggles to consistently elicit sensitive care is likely to develop a negative working model of self, feeling unworthy or incapable of receiving the care they seek. This can lead to a resistant attachment style, where the child may become overly dependent on the caregiver, seeking constant reassurance due to their negative self-view but still viewing others (the caregivers) positively, believing they can provide the needed care.

Question 18

One reason that the security of children's primary attachments may predict outcomes (for example, social skills, peer relations) later in childhood is that

Accepted Answer

Attachment quality with the primary caregiver is often stable over time, which implies that the security of children's primary attachments during early childhood carries forward into later stages of childhood and may affect social skills and peer relations, among other outcomes. Children who have secure attachments with their primary caregiver during their early childhood are more likely to develop positive social relationships, whereas children who do not have a secure attachment may struggle with social relationships.

Question 19

Fathers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fathers
...

Question 20

Having secure attachments in infancy

Accepted Answer

While secure attachment in infancy does not guarantee positive adjustment later in life or prevent maladaptive responses to major life disruptions, research suggests that it can help children recover from periods of inadequate functioning later in childhood. This highlights the importance of early intervention and support in promoting resilience and adaptive functioning in children who may have experienced early adversity or disruptions in attachment relationships.

Quiz 5: Establishment of Intimate Relationships and Their Implications for Future Development

John occasionally has a romantic partner but expresses little concern about the prospect of not having one all that important. According to "working models" theory, John has probably experienced ___ attachments that reflect his _ working model of self and ___ working model of others.

Recent cognitive explanations portray the character or quality of a child's attachments as an outgrowth of internal working models that the child forms about

According to Bowlby's working-models theory, infants who construct positive working models of themselves and their caregivers should form _____ primary attachments.

Infants are more inclined to form a secure attachment to their fathers when fathers

An infant who can consistently attract attention that turns out to be insensitive or overintrusive should form a ___ working model of self _ working model of others, thus forming a(n) ___ attachment.

According to the "working models" explanation of attachment, a child will construct a positive cognitive representation of the self if she

Jennifer displays a preoccupation with establishing intimacy with her partners and often pushes them to make strong emotional commitments to her. According to research and "working models" theory Jennifer has a _ working model of self and a _ working model of others.

Infants who are securely attached to their fathers

Fathers

Fathers play little if any meaningful role in an infant's or toddler's _____.

In general, research indicates that children who were securely attached during infancy are _____ , compared to other youngsters who were insecurely attached.

A secure attachment to the father

Which of the following statements best describes the stability (or instability) of attachment quality over time?

The "working models" of self and others that infants construct from their interactions with primary caregivers

Preschool correlates of insecure infant attachments include

From another toddler's point of view whereas those who are _____ are apt to be highly aggressive playmates whom peers often reject.

An infant who sometimes can but often cannot elicit the sensitive care she needs is likely to form a _ working model of self and a positive working model of others, thus forming a _ attachment.

One reason that the security of children's primary attachments may predict outcomes (for example, social skills, peer relations) later in childhood is that

Fathers

Having secure attachments in infancy