Question 1

The major source of nutrients in the diet of a pregnant woman should be composed of

Accepted Answer

Complex carbohydrates supply the pregnant woman with vitamins,minerals,and fiber.The most common simple carbohydrate is table sugar,which is a source of energy but does not provide any nutrients.Fats provide 9 kcal in each gram,in contrast to carbohydrates and proteins,which provide only 4 kcal in each gram.However,fat is not a good source of nutrients.Fiber is supplied mainly by the complex carbohydrates.

Question 2

A patient has the nursing diagnosis: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to diet choices inadequate to meet nutrient requirements of pregnancy.What goal is most appropriate for this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A weight gain of 30 lb is one indication that the patient has gained a sufficient amount for the nutritional needs of pregnancy.A daily supplement is not the best goal for this patient.It does not meet the basic need of proper nutrition during pregnancy.Decreasing snack foods may be the problem and should be assessed.However,assessing the weight gain is the best method of monitoring nutritional intake for this pregnancy.Increasing the intake of complex carbohydrates is important for this patient,but monitoring the weight gain should be the end goal.

Question 3

A patient who is in week 28 of gestation is concerned about her weight gain of 1 pound in 1 week.Which response by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

At 28 weeks,a weight gain of 1 pound in 1 week is within the recommended range of 0.8 to 1 pound per week.The woman should be reassured that this is normal and healthy.The other responses are inaccurate.

Question 4

A pregnant woman's diet consists almost entirely of whole grain breads and cereals,fruits,and vegetables.The nurse should be most concerned about this woman's intake of which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

This diet is consistent with that followed by a strict vegetarian (vegan).VegAnswer consume only plant products.Because vitamin B12 is found in foods of animal origin,this diet is deficient in vitamin B12.Depending upon the woman's food choices this diet may be adequate in calcium,protein,and folic acid.

Question 5

In teaching the pregnant adolescent about nutrition,what suggestion by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents have some special nutritional needs during pregnancy,but they also need to feel that they fit in with their peers.Working with the teen to develop a healthy diet while including some snack and fast foods has the best chance of providing good nutrition.Telling the teen to eliminate certain foods or restaurants is likely not to work.Including the teen will make her more willing to make dietary changes.

Question 6

A pregnant patient would like to know a good food source of calcium other than dairy products.Which answer by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

Although dairy products contain the greatest amount of calcium,it also is found in legumes,nuts,dried fruits,and some dark green leafy vegetables.Yellow vegetables are rich in vitamin A.Lean meats are rich in protein and phosphorus.Whole grains are rich in zinc and magnesium.

Question 7

Which statement made by a lactating woman leads the nurse to believe that the woman might have lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

One problem that can interfere with milk consumption is lactose intolerance,which is the inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactose in the small intestine.Milk consumption may cause abdominal cramping,bloating,and diarrhea in such people,although many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate small amounts of milk without symptoms.The woman with lactose intolerance is more likely to experience bloating and cramping,not heartburn.A woman who breaks out in hives after consuming milk is more likely to have a milk allergy.Bad breath is not a sign of lactose intolerance.

Question 8

A student nurse in the perinatal clinic sees the term "pica" on a woman's chart and asks the registered nurse what this means.What definition is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The practice of eating substances not normally thought of as food is called pica.Clay or dirt and solid laundry starch are the substances most commonly ingested.It is not intolerance of milk products,iron deficiency anemia,or episodes of anorexia and vomiting.

Question 9

Which statement by a patient indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Protein is the nutritional element basic to growth.An adequate protein intake is essential to meeting the increasing demands of pregnancy.These demands arise from the rapid growth of the fetus; the enlargement of the uterus,mammary glands,and placenta; the increase in the maternal blood volume; and the formation of amniotic fluid.Iron intake prevents anemia.Calcium intake is needed for fetal bone and tooth development.Eating protein will not prevent diabetes.

Question 10

The nurse is counseling a woman in her third trimester about eating enough protein.If the woman already gets her non-pregnant RDA of protein,how much more does she need in her diet?

Accepted Answer

The current RDA for protein in the non-pregnant woman is 46 grams.To reach the recommendation for protein in the second half of pregnancy (71 grams),the patient needs to add 25 more grams of protein to her diet daily.

Question 11

The nurse is assisting a normally active pregnant woman in developing a meal plan.Before she got pregnant,she ate 1800 calories a day.How many calories does she need now?

Accepted Answer

A woman should increase her daily caloric intake by 340 calories during the second trimester,so this woman needs 2140 daily calories.

Question 12

Which pregnant woman should have the least weight gain during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The recommended weight gain for overweight or obese women is 11 to 20 pounds.This will provide sufficient nutrients for the fetus.Overweight and obese women should be advised to lose weight prior to conception in order to achieve the best pregnancy outcomes.A higher weight gain in twin gestations may help prevent low birth weights.Adolescents need to gain weight toward the higher acceptable range,which will provide for their own growth as well as for fetal growth.In the past women of short stature were advised to restrict their weight gain; however,evidence to support these guidelines has not been found.

Question 13

The traditional diet of Asian women includes little meat or dairy products and may be low in calcium and iron.The nurse can help the woman increase her intake of these foods by

Accepted Answer

To increase the intake of calcium and iron in a culturally-appropriate way,the nurse can suggest the woman eat more broccoli and tofu for calcium and to eat more tofu and leafy green vegetables such as bok choy for iron.

Question 14

A pregnant woman's diet may not meet her need for folate.The nurse teaches the woman to take how much folate as a supplement each day?

Accepted Answer

The current recommendation for folate (folic acid)is 400 to 800 mcg (0.4 to 0.8 mg)per day.

Question 15

Which pregnant adolescent is most at risk for a nutritional deficit during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

All adolescents are at nutritional risk during pregnancy,but the adolescent who is pregnant and underweight is most at risk,because she is already deficient in nutrition and must now supply the nutritional intake for both herself and her fetus.

Question 16

The nurse teaches a pregnant woman that one danger in using nonfood supplementation of nutrients is

Accepted Answer

The use of supplements in addition to food may increase the intake of some nutrients to doses much higher than the recommended amounts.Overdoses of some nutrients have been shown to cause fetal defects.Supplements do not have better absorption than natural vitamins and minerals.There is no relationship between supplements and PIH.Supplements do not contain significant calories.

Question 17

Four women are admitted to Labor and Delivery.Which woman met the goal for a healthy weight gain in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

This woman was obese at the start of her pregnancy,so a weight gain of 11 to 20 pounds has met the goal (245 - 230 = 15).Adolescents need to gain enough weight to support both their needs and those of the fetus,so they should gain the recommended amount for normal weight women,so this teen should weigh between 127 and 136,so she clearly did not gain enough weight.The woman who weighed a healthy 135 pounds should not weigh more than 170 pounds,so this woman gained more weight than recommended.The woman who was 5¢6² tall was underweight at conception,so she needed to gain 28 to 40 pounds,which would put her minimum acceptable weight at delivery at 140.

Question 18

To prevent GI upset,patients should be instructed to take iron supplements

Accepted Answer

Taking iron supplements at bedtime may reduce GI upset.Iron supplements are best absorbed if they are taken when the stomach is empty.Bran,tea,coffee,milk,and eggs may reduce absorption.

Question 19

A pregnant woman in the perinatal clinic is a recovering anorexic.She is distressed at the emphasis on weight gain.The nurse explains that the most important reason for evaluating the pattern of weight gain in pregnancy is to

Accepted Answer

Deviations from the recommended pattern of weight gain may indicate nutritional problems or developing complications.The nurse should assure this patient that monitoring weight gain is a routine part of prenatal care to ensure the baby's well-being.Preventing adipose tissue deposits is not the reason for monitoring weight gain.Determining cultural influences on diet and weight gain is important but not the most important reason.

Question 20

To increase the absorption of iron in a pregnant woman,the nurse teaches her that iron preparations should be given with

Accepted Answer

A vitamin C source may increase the absorption of iron.The calcium and phosphorus in milk decrease iron absorption.Tannin in the tea reduces the absorption of iron.Coffee reduces iron absorption.

Quiz 14: Nutrition for Childbearing