Question 1

All of the following are advantages of longitudinal designs over cross-sectional designs (Table 3.4 in the text)except ________.

Accepted Answer

The advantages of longitudinal designs over cross-sectional designs listed in Table 3.4 are large amount of data collection, accuracy, and detecting change. Representative sampling is not listed as an advantage.

Question 2

________ is a type of research design involving a fixed sample of population elements that is measured repeatedly.The sample remains the same over time thus providing a series of pictures which,when viewed together,portray a vivid illustration of the situation and the changes that are taking place over time.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research design's characteristic also known as panel survey, is a research design involving a fixed sample of population elements that is measured repeatedly. The sample remains the same over time, thus allowing for the observation of changes that are taking place over time.

Question 3

________ is the error due to the particular sample selected being an imperfect representation of the population of interest.It may be defined as the variation between the true mean value for the sample and the true mean value of the population.

Accepted Answer

Random sampling error is the variation between the sample mean and the population mean that occurs due to chance. It is caused by the fact that we are only sampling a portion of the population, and this sample may not be perfectly representative of the entire population. Non-response error occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not participate in the study, response error occurs when participants do not answer questions truthfully, and non-sampling error includes errors in data collection and analysis that are not due to the sampling process.

Question 4

________ is the variation between the true mean value in the population of the variable of interest and the observed mean value obtained in the marketing research project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the variation between the true...

Question 5

A major advantage of ________ over the cross-sectional design is the ability to detect change as a result of repeated measurement of the same variables on the same sample.

Accepted Answer

The longitudinal design involves follow-up measurements of the same variables on the same sample over time, which enables researchers to detect change and determine causality. The other options do not involve repeated measurements and are not well-suited for detecting change over time.

Question 6

Sometimes the term ________ is used interchangeably with the term longitudinal design.

Accepted Answer

A panel study is a type of longitudinal study where the same group of individuals is studied over time. Therefore, the term panel can be used interchangeably with the term longitudinal design. A survey is a type of research method that can be used in both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. An experiment is a type of research method that aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships, but it does not necessarily involve studying the same group of individuals over time. Therefore, the best choice is A) panel.

Question 7

________ is a multiple cross-sectional design consisting of a series of surveys conducted at appropriate time intervals,where the cohort serves as the basic unit of analysis.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question suggests that the design being referred to is cohort analysis, where a group of individuals (the cohort) is followed over time through a series of surveys to explore changes or patterns in a particular variable. A multiple cross-sectional design usually involves surveying different individuals at each time point rather than tracking the same cohort. A single cross-sectional design involves only one survey conducted at a single point in time.

Question 8

________ is a type of non-sampling error that occurs when some of the respondents included in the sample do not respond.This error may be defined as the variation between the true mean value of the variable in the original sample and the true mean value in the net sample.

Accepted Answer

Non-response error occurs when some of the selected individuals in the sample do not respond, leading to biased results as the characteristics of the non-respondents may differ from those who responded. This error results in a variation between the true mean value of the variable in the original sample and the true mean value in the net sample.

Question 9

The error that arises from the respondent's unwillingness to provide accurate information is ________.Respondents may intentionally misreport their answers because of a desire to provide socially acceptable answers,avoid embarrassment,or please the interviewer.

Accepted Answer

This error is known as unwillingness error, where the respondent intentionally misreports their answers due to various reasons. The other options mentioned - questioning error, recording error, and sampling frame error - do not pertain to the issue of respondents intentionally providing inaccurate answers.

Question 10

Single cross-sectional designs are also called ________.

Accepted Answer

Single cross-sectional designs are also known as sample survey research designs which involve collecting data from a single group of participants at a single point in time. This design is often used in opinion polls, market research, and other fields where data is needed quickly and efficiently. It is not an experiment design because it does not involve manipulating variables or controlling for extraneous factors, and it is not a qualitative research design because it focuses on quantitative data collection rather than on subjective experiences or interpretations.

Question 11

________ refers to a sample of respondents who have agreed to provide information at specified intervals over an extended period.

Accepted Answer

A panel is a group of individuals who have been selected to provide feedback or data at specific intervals over an extended period. They agree to participate in the study and provide information over a more extended period than a traditional survey. The respondents' opinions and behaviors can be tracked over an extended period, which can provide insights into changes in attitudes and buying habits over time.

Question 12

________ are errors that can be attributed to sources other than sampling,and they can be random or nonrandom.

Accepted Answer

Non-sampling errors are caused by factors other than sampling and can be random or nonrandom. This includes errors in data collection, processing, and analysis, as well as measurement error, response bias, and non-response bias. The other options either specifically refer to sampling errors (random or non-random) or to errors caused by respondents or lack thereof.

Question 13

The variation between the population defined by the researcher and the population as implied by the sampling frame (list)used is ________.

Accepted Answer

Sampling frame error occurs when the sampling frame used does not accurately represent the population being studied. This can result in variations between the defined population and the actual population represented in the sample, leading to inaccuracies in the research findings. Recording error, questioning error, and unwillingness error are all different types of errors that can occur during data collection and are not directly related to the sampling frame used.

Question 14

The question,"How did the American people rate the performance of George W.Bush immediately after the war in Afghanistan?" would be addressed using a ________.However,a ________ would be used to address the question,"How did the American people change their view of Bush's performance during the war in Afghanistan?"

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional design captures a single moment in time, suitable for assessing immediate reactions. A longitudinal design tracks changes over time, ideal for observing shifts in opinion.

Question 15

________ is a type of non-sampling error arising from respondents who do respond but give inaccurate answers,or their answers are mis-recorded or mis-analyzed.It may be defined as the variation between the true mean value of the variable in the net sample and the observed mean value obtained in the marketing research project.

Accepted Answer

The given description pertains to response error, as it is caused by inaccurate responses or errors during recording or analysis of responses. Non-sampling error refers to errors not related to sampling, such as measurement or data processing errors. Non-response error arises when respondents do not respond to the survey, and random sampling error is caused by the natural variation that occurs when a random sample is drawn.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about cohort analysis?

Accepted Answer

Cohort analysis involves studying a group of individuals who share a common characteristic over time, and all statements A, B, and C accurately describe aspects of cohort analysis.

Question 17

According to your text,non-representativeness in panels may arise because of all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

The text lists mortality, refusal to cooperate, and payment as potential causes of non-representativeness in panels. It does not list respondent intelligence as a potential cause.

Question 18

When trying to determine which research design is best to choose,it is best to begin with exploratory research if the objective of the research is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research is a type of research design used to define the problem more precisely, gather preliminary information, and generate hypotheses for further research. Therefore, if the objective of the research is to define the problem more precisely, exploratory research would be the best choice.

Question 19

________ is a cross-sectional design in which there are two or more samples of respondents and information is obtained from each sample only once.

Accepted Answer

A multiple cross-sectional design involves obtaining information from two or more samples of respondents at one point in time, whereas a single cross-sectional design only involves one sample of respondents. This design is useful for comparing different groups or populations at one point in time.

Question 20

Which of these statements is true about panels?

Accepted Answer

A) Panels may not be representative - this is true as the panel members may not be representative of the larger population.
B) Relatively large amounts of data can be collected - this is true as panels allow researchers to collect data from the same group of participants over time.
C) Panel data can be more accurate than cross-sectional data - this is also true as panels allow researchers to examine changes over time and control for individual differences. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct.

Quiz 3: Research Design

All of the following are advantages of longitudinal designs over cross-sectional designs (Table 3.4 in the text) except ________.